Ch 17-2, The Northern Renaissance Essay

1. Population began to grow after bubonic plague declined.

2. Hundred year war between France & England ended.
3. Urban merchants became wealthy enough to give patronages to artists.

4. England & France had strong monarchs, sponsored artist by supporting and purchasing their works.
5. Humanist ideas spread to north after scholars, students, and merchants visited Italy.

Populations began to grow, Cities grew rapidly

Northern Europe – especially England, France, Germany and Flanders (part of France & Netherlands).

1. Demonstrated interest in classical culture.
2.

Created a curiosity about the world.
3. Created a belief in the human potential.
These ideas impressed scholars, students, and merchants who visited Italy spreading Renaissance ideas.

They became patrons of the arts and sponsored artists.

Strong Monarchs.

Strong monarchs that were patrons of the arts.

Flanders

The castle of Francis I ruler of France.

Hired Italian architects and artists to rebuild and decorate. Became a showcase for Renaissance art.

A French King invaded Naples in southern Italy and waged a war to the north. Artist moved to Europe for saftey, helped spread European Renaissance.

Realism

Ideal of human dignity and social reform based on Judeo-Christian values.

German artist famous for realistic woodcuts and engravings. His works portrayed religious subjects, classical myths, and realistic landscapes. The popularity of his works helped spread Renaissance ideas.

German painter, photographic like portraits of English royalty.

Jan van Eyck

Paintings displayed unusually realistic details to reveal the personalities of his subjects.

Pieter Bruegel

1. Rich colors
2.

Vivid Details
3. Balanced use of space to give sense of life and feeling.

The failure of the Christian Church to inspire people to live a Christian life. This was called Christian Humanism.

1. To reform society and
2. To promote education, especially for women.
3.

Foundation of schools for girls and boys.

Desiderius Erasmus of Holland and Thomas More.

Greedy Merchants, lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.

The book “Utopia”, a description of a model society with no greed, no corruption and no war.

People lived in peace and harmony with very little need for money?

means “no place”, today it means the ideal place.

First women writers, defender of women education and woman’s rights. The different treatment of boys and girls.

Education and equal treatment for boys and girls.

Mid-1500s

After Queen Elizabeth I, who was reigning over England at the time. She spoke 4 languages and wrote poetry and music.

1558 to 1603

William Shakespeare

Stratford-upon-Avon, England

London’s Globe Theatre

1. Revered the classics for inspiration and plots
2.

A command of the English language (venacular)
3. Deep understanding of human nature.
4. Dramatic conflict involving human flaws.

Bi Sheng of China

It uses a separate piece of type for each character.

Johann Gutenberg a German craftsman.

The Holy Bible

1. Printer could produce hundreds of copies of a work making more information available.

2. Books cheap enough that many people could buy.
3. Produced a variety of books other than religious books.

4 Greater availability of books promoted increase in learning.
5. Laws were published, people got better understanding of their rights.
6.

Increased the questioning of political structures and religious practices

Classical Greece and Rome

Both

Their vernacular language.

Individual achievement

1. Techniques and styles of Greece and Rome.
2.

Portrayed individuals and nature as more realistic and lifelike.
3. Art was both secular and religious.
4.

Writers used the vernacular to express ideas.
5. Artist praised individual achievement.

1.

All those created by the printing press.
2. Christian humanist reform changed views of how life should be lived.
3.

People began to question political structure and religious practices.