Humanism
Renaissance movement that focused on choice, individualism, achievement, wordly issues, and humanist subjects like art and literature
Classical Antiquity
Having to do with ancient Rome and Greece- Renaissance art and literature was greatly influenced by classical antiquity
Secularism
Worldly rather than spiritual, concerned with here and now- major part of humanism
Patron
Member of the merchant class who paid for artists, scholars, etc. to pursue and study their craft
Perspective
A new idea in Renaissance art, having to do with depth
Vernacular
Language of the common people- the printing press allowed the Bible to be printed in vernacular so that more people could read and understand it
Utopia
Greek, basically meaning an ideal society, written by Thomas More
Indulgence
The rich pay the Church so that they can be saved when they pass away- Martin Luther did not support them
Reformation
Religious revolt against the authority and the Roman Catholic Church- when Protestant branches began
Protestant
Branches of Christianity that are not Roman Catholic, based off of Martin Luther’s teachings ie. Lutheranism, Anabaptism
Annulment
As in annulment of marriage, such as those of Henry VIII
95 Theses
Written by Martin Luther and nailed to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany- all the things wrong with the Church, with a focus on corruption
Diet of Worms
Martin Luther is called to Worms by the Church (because they were losing members) so that he can recant his ideas, but he refuses
Peasant’s Revolt
The peasants viewed Luther as revolutionary, so they began a more social revolt- Luther denounces them, and so the rebellion is put down- 70,000 to 100,000 deaths
Act of Supremacy
Recognized Henry VIII as supreme ruler of England, and created the Anglican Church (so that Henry could divorce and remarry as he pleased to produce a male heir)
Jesuits
Known as the “soldiers of Christianity” because they attempted to spread change to Catholics and Christians everywhere
Council of Trent
The Church got together to reform because they were losing members. They reformed indulgences, power within the Church, and defined vague doctrines
Printing press
Invented by Johann Gutenberg, allowed for the spread of the Bible in vernacular and therefore the beginning of the Reformation
Edict of Nantes
Nantes is in France- Signals beginning of acceptance of Protestants
Calvinists
Founded by John Calvin, believed in Predestination (your fate is determined already)
Huguenots
French Protestants, massacred by the Catholics on St. Bartholomew’s Day in France
French Warring Families- Guises, Bourbon, and Medici (Montmorency)
Catholic, with Guises being the strongest Catholics- the other two families were more accepting of the Protestants
Niccolo Machiavelli
Better to be feared than loved if you cannot be both, “The Prince”, the ends justify the means
Shakespeare
Northern Renaissance writer
