institutions that originate in High Middle Ages
Sheriffs, inquests, juries, circuit judges, professional bureaucracies, and representative assemblies.
What was new about the monarchs?
-invested kingship with a strong sense of royal autority and national purpose
-believed monarchy was one thing that linked all classes and peoples within definite territorial boundaries.
-believed monarchy was one thing that linked all classes and peoples within definite territorial boundaries.
What was not so new about the monarchs?
-reasserted long-standing ideas and practices of strong monarchs in the Middle Ages (Justinian Code)
Things all these monarchs tended to do
-rely on middle-class officials (reduction of nobility)
-built armies with tax revenues (crush feudal anarchy)
-reduction of violence (people willing to pay taxes for safety)
-built armies with tax revenues (crush feudal anarchy)
-reduction of violence (people willing to pay taxes for safety)
France after 100 years war
drastically depopulated, commercially ruined, agriculturally weak
French #1:Charles VII
-revived monarchy in france
-unlikely ruler to do so
-unlikely ruler to do so
Charles VII: political achievements
-reconciled the Burgundians and Armagnacs (ended 30 year civil war)
-1453: expelled English from French Soil (except calais)
-reorganized royal council (^ middle class power)
-created first permanent army
-1453: expelled English from French Soil (except calais)
-reorganized royal council (^ middle class power)
-created first permanent army
Charles VII: Economic achievements
-strengthened finances with taxes such as “Gabelle (salt) and Taille (land)
–>the crowns chief source of income
–>the crowns chief source of income
Charles VII: Social achievements
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges: superior powers over papacy
French #2: Louis XI
-“Spider King” because of treacherous character
-very much a Renaissance Prince
-very much a Renaissance Prince
Louis XI: Political Achievements
-taxation –> Army
-Gained territories (through well timed invasions)
-Gained territories (through well timed invasions)
Louis XI: economic Achievements
-promoted new industries (silk, weaving)
-entered into commercial treaties with England, purtugal, Hanseatic League
-severe taxation
-entered into commercial treaties with England, purtugal, Hanseatic League
-severe taxation
French #3: Louis XII achievements
-added territory through marriage
-Concordat of Bologna: undid some stuff from Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (/ papacy) but still retained other stuff. (yeah!)
-Concordat of Bologna: undid some stuff from Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (/ papacy) but still retained other stuff. (yeah!)
England #0: Henry IV
-everything sort of sucked for this guy’s rule
-the authority of the monarchy sank lower than it had been in centuries
-the authority of the monarchy sank lower than it had been in centuries
3 English Rulers
#1 Edward IV,
#2 Richard III,
#3 Henry VII:
#2 Richard III,
#3 Henry VII:
England: political achievements of 3 monarchs
-defeated lancastrian forces (ending war of the roses)
-royal council (governed at national level)
-Court of Star CHAMBAH! yo! a court using scary tactics that went against common law. reduced noble trouble-making
-justices of the peace: sort of like police officers
-royal council (governed at national level)
-Court of Star CHAMBAH! yo! a court using scary tactics that went against common law. reduced noble trouble-making
-justices of the peace: sort of like police officers
England: economic achievements of 3 monarchs
-conducted foreign policy, avoiding expensive wars (didn’t depend on Parliament for money)
-encouraged cloth industry
-encouraged cloth industry
England: Social achievements of 3 monarchs
-worked to restore royal prestige –>crush power of nobility
-won support of influential upper middle class (gov policy surrounded interest of that class)
-won support of influential upper middle class (gov policy surrounded interest of that class)
