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    Music Appreciation-The Middle Ages and the Renaissance

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    Characteristics of the Middle Ages
    Everything was done anonymously
    Everyone (including rulers) was illiterate
    -Exception: Priests, nuns, bishops, ect
    Two Divisions of the Middle Ages
    Romanesque Period (450-1000 AD); otherwise known as the “Dark Ages”
    Gothic Period (1000-1450 AD); otherwise known as the “High Middle Ages”
    Two Areas of Power in the Middle Ages
    The state (lords, dukes, kings, ect)
    The Holy Roman Catholic Church
    -directed everything with regard to art
    -daily life revolved around the life of the church
    -all of the service was sung
    -all in Latin
    Liturgy
    Higher authority
    Highly organized system of worship in the church
    Church seasons: Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost (Trinity)
    Chant
    Responsible for everything in liturgy for 600 years
    Also called Gregorian chant, plainchant or plainsong
    5 Characteristic of Chant
    Monophonic
    Limited Pitch Range
    Non-metrical
    Church modes (early version of scales)
    In Latin
    Organum
    Around 1100, Leonin took an existing chant and added another voice creating polyphonic music (took place at Notre Dame Cathedral)
    Earliest form of polyphonic music
    Over 75-100 years 2 part gave way to 3 part which gave way to 4 part
    Leonin
    Organist and Choir master at Notre Dame Cathedral in the 12th century
    Created 2 part organum that still supported the liturgy and was written for mass
    Perotin
    Student of Leonin
    Organist and choir master at Notre Dame Cathedral in the 13th century
    Created 3 and 4 part organum that still supported the liturgy and was written for mass
    Mass
    most important part of the services of the Catholic church
    Two Main Parts of the Mass
    Ordinary: parts that never change
    Proper: All other parts who texts change daily, weekly or for special occasions
    5 Parts of the Ordinary
    Kyrie
    Gloria
    Credo
    Sanctus/Benedictus
    Agnus Dei
    Guillame De Machaut (1300-1377)
    Wrote both sacred and secular music
    First composer to compose all 5 parts of the mass (complete setting)
    Troubadors (S. France)/Trouveres (N. France)
    Noble singer poets who travelled from court-to-court to perform
    Instruments of the Middle Ages
    simple accompaniment
    Played what was sung
    Woodwinds of the Middle Ages
    Recorder
    Crumhorn (early oboe)
    Strings of the Middle Ages
    Harp
    Lute
    Brass of the Middle Ages
    Cornetto
    Herald Trumpets
    Sackbut (early trombone)
    Percussion of the Middle Ages
    Tambourine
    Tabor
    Hacker
    Keyboards of the Middle Ages
    Harpsichord
    Organ
    What was the Renaissance?
    A rebirth/reawakening/renewal of the arts and culture of the ancient Greeks and Romans
    3 Major Events of the Renaissance
    Discovery of America
    The Protestant Reformation
    The Printing Press
    Style of the Renaissance
    A capella
    Word Painting
    Cantus Firmus
    Paraphrase
    The embellishment of chant with extra notes, set in graceful rhythms and smoothed out passages that struck composers as awkward or old fashioned
    Homophony
    Music in a harmonic, chordal texture
    Imitative Counterpoint
    Depends on a carefully controlled balance among multiple voice parts
    Josquin Desprez
    Pioneered the genres of chanson and motet
    Famous for both his technical prowess and for his expressive innovations
    Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
    104 complete settings of the mass
    Composed over 250 motets
    Savior of polyphonic music (Pope Marcellus Mass)
    Married with children
    Classes in his style to this day
    Never ordained
    Madrigal
    Most important secular genre
    Simple verse and text
    common topics: love, sattire, political themes, unsatisfied desires
    word painting, nonsense syllables
    Famous Madrigal Composers of Italy
    Gesualdo
    Marenzio
    Uechi
    Monteveridi
    Famous Madrigal Composers of England
    Morley
    Gibbons
    Farmer
    Weelkes
    What happened in 1585?
    Instruments were introduced into music
    Began at St. Mark’s Basillica in Venice by Giovanni Gabrielli
    Venetian Polychoral
    Started by Giovanni Gabrielli
    By placing choirs of singers and instrumentalists in some of St. Mark’s many different choir lofts, they obtained brilliant echo effects that even modern equipment cannot duplicate

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    Music Appreciation-The Middle Ages and the Renaissance. (2017, Aug 28). Retrieved from https://artscolumbia.org/music-appreciation-the-middle-ages-and-the-renaissance-11491/

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