Renaissance and Reformation Quiz

A distribution of power among several states such that no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another.

A late Renaissance reformer who maintained that “the Hermetic philosophy, with its mystical approach to God and nature, held the key to true wisdom,” was

A revival of Platonic philosophy. In the third century a.d., a revival associated with Plotinus; in the Italian Renaissance, a revival associated with Marsilio Ficino who attempted to synthesize Christianity and Platonism

African slaves are by no means the only ones important in modern history, nor were Europeans the only slavers. None the less, black slavery based on the buying of Africans from other Africans by Portuguese, Englishmen, Dutchmen and Frenchmen, and their sale to other Europeans in the __________, is a phenomenon whose repercussions have been much more profound than the enslavement of Europeans by Ottomans…

Agriculture provided the first demonstration of what might be done by even rudimentary ___________- by experiment, observation, record, and experiment again – to increase Man’s control of his environment more rapidly than could the selection imposed by custom.

Agricultural progress increasingly took two main forms: orientation towards the __________, and technical innovation

All of the following are causes of the scientific revolution EXCEPT

All of the following are characteristics of Renaissance humanism EXCEPT

All of the following statements about Isabella d’Este, “first lady of the world” are true except

All of these advanced Italian commercial interests during the Renaissance EXCEPT

Although feudal lordship still existed in France in the 1780s it was by then less a social reality than an economic device. The ‘seigneur’ might never see his tenants, might not be of noble blood, and might draw nothing from his lordship except sums of money which represented his claims on his tenants’ labor, tune and produce. Further east, the feudal relationship remained more of a reality. This in part reflected an alliance of rulers and nobles to take advantage of the new market for grain and timber in the growing population of western and southern Europe. They tied peasants to the land and exacted heavier and heavier labor services. In __________ serfdom became the very basis of society.

Anti-clericalism was a theme in all of the following works EXCEPT

An intellectual movement beginning in the fifteenth century that taught that divinity is embodied in all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and philosophy. The tradition continued into the seventeenth century and influenced many of the leading figures of the Scientific Revolution.

An intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based upon the study of the Greek and Roman classics.

An intellectual movement of the Italian Renaissance that saw Cicero, who was both an intellectual and a statesman, as the ideal and held that humanists should be involved in government and use their rhetorical training in the service of the state.

As the nineteenth century began, it looked as if most Europeans still respected noble blood. All that had changed was that not quite so many people still automatically thought it was a distinction which ought to be reflected in __________.

But the timing of the discovery of life insurance, at the start of what has sometimes been called the ‘Age of Reason’, suggests also that the dimensions of economic change are sometimes very far-reaching indeed. It was one tiny source and expression of a coming _________ of the universe.

By the thirteenth century, the wealthiest of the Italian city-states was

Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier was a guide to the

Castiglione, in his work, The Courtier?

Civic humanists?

During the Italian Renaissance, a Ghibelline would most likely have opposed which one of the following?

During the Renaissance, the European economy

During the Renaissance, the nation which set the standards in art, politics, and business, was

Economic elites who derived their incomes for capitalistic ventures and dominated urban communities during the Renaissance

Famine was another sporadic and local check on population growth; we hear even of cannibalism in the middle seventeenth century in Germany. Poor feeding and the lower resistance it led to I quickly produced disaster when coupled to the disruption of the economy which could follow a bad harvest. When accentuated by warfare, the result could be cataclysmic. The situation was always precarious until population growth began to be overtaken by __________

“For Machiavelli accepted the political challenge in its entirety; he swept aside every criterion of action not suggested by the concept of raison d’etat, m i.e., by the exact evaluation of the historical movement and the constructive forces which the Prince must employ in order to achieve his aim…hence, he paved the way for absolute governments, which theoretically were completely untrammeled, both in their home and in their foreign policies.”

Governments not only looked after their merchants by going to war to uphold their interests, but also intervened in other ways in the working of the commercial economy. One advantage they could offer was a grant of __________ privileges to a company under a charter; this made the raising of capital easier by offering some security for a return.

He is sometimes called the “Father of Humanism?:

In __________ , for example, high wool prices tempted landlords to enclose common land and thus remove it from common use in order to put sheep on it. The wretched peasant grazier starved and, thus, as one famous contemporary comment put it, ‘sheep ate men’.

In eastern Europe serfdom actually extended its range when it was dying out elsewhere. Yet by 1800, taking Europe as a whole and a few leading countries in particular, agriculture was one of the two economic sectors where progress was most marked (commerce was the other). Overall, it had proved capable of sustaining a continuing __________ of population at first very slowly, but at a quickening rate.

In England, on the other hand, even the commercialized ‘feudalism’ which existed in France had gone long before 1800, and noble status conferred no legal privilege beyond the rights to be summoned to a __________…

In Renaissance Italy, the Medici family became the famous rulers of

In the most advanced countries it brought new ideas about what constituted status and how it should be recognized. Though not complete, there was a shift from personal ties to market relationships as a way of denning people’s rights and expectations, and a shift from a __________ vision of society to an individualist one.

In this economy an important and growing part was played by slaves. Most of them were black Africans, the first of whom to be brought to Europe were sold at _________ in 1444. In Europe itself, slavery had by then all but withered away (though Europeans were still being enslaved and sold into slavery by Arabs and Turks). Now it was to undergo a vast extension in other continents.

In Renaissance Italy, the Medici family became the famous rulers of

In 1500 Europe was still largely a _________continent of villages in which people lived at a pretty low level of subsistence. It would have seemed very empty to modern eyes.

Italian Renaissance art can be most appropriately described as?

“…It is, then, much safer to be feared than to be loved…for touching human nature, we may say in general that men are untruthful, unconstant, dissemblers, they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain. While you do them good, they are wholly yours…but when (danger) approaches, they revolt.”

It was already discernible in the sixteenth century when there began the long expansion of world __________ which was to last, virtually uninterrupted except briefly by war…

Known as the “Prince of the Humanists,” in such works as In Praise of Folly, he criticized the clergy and abuses that he saw in the Christian Church. His given name was

Leaders of bands of mercenary soldiers in Renaissance Italy who sold their services to the highest bidder.

Liberal education in the Renaissance included all of the following EXCEPT?

Mannerist art was characterized by?:

Michalangelo was talented in many areas, but what he consider himself to be above all?

Northern humanists differed from their Italian predecessors?:

One of the most famous books of the Italian Renaissance, in which the ancient Roman poet Virgil provided a tour of purgatory, hell, and heaven, was

Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that?:

Showing favoritism to relatives; common practice among the Renaissance popes

Renaissance courtiers were?:

Renaissance education was characterized by?

Renaissance Humanism was a threat to the Church because it

Renaissance individualism

The city-state was the primary political unit during the

The dominant trend of government in Renaissance city-states in Italy was from?:

The early Renaissance humanists in Italy would have been MOST interested in?:

The English author of Utopia (1516) was

The favorite classical author of Renaissance scholars was?

The governments of France, England, and Spain at the end of the fifteenth century, where the rulers were successful in reestablishing or extending centralized royal authority, suppressing the nobility, controlling the church, and insisting upon the loyalty of all peoples living in their territories

The literary masterpiece that satirized the ideals of knighthood and chivalry was written by?:

The most profound accomplishment in the art of drama was achieved in Renaissance England by

The Northern Renaissance differed from the Renaissance in Italy in that

The old banking supremacy of the medieval Italian cities passed first to Flanders and the German bankers of the sixteenth century and then, finally, to Holland and London. The Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of ___________ were already international economic forces in the seventeenth century. About them clustered other banks and merchant houses undertaking operations of credit and finance.

The Prince argued that?

The Renaissance did not occur in Russia for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

The Renaissance was evident in all of the following Italian cities EXCEPT:

The sixteenth century carnival was

The slave trade was commercially very important, too. Huge profits were occasionally made…value of the trade made it a great and contested prize, though the normal return on capital has been much exaggerated. For two centuries it provoked diplomatic wrangling and even war as nation after nation sought to break into it or monopolize it. This testified to the trade’s importance in the eyes of statesmen, whether it was __________ justified or not.

The twentieth century needs no reminders that social change can quickly follow economic change. We have little belief in the ___________ of social forms and institutions. Three hundred years ago, many men and women believed them to be virtually God-given and the result was that although social changes took place in the aftermath of inflation (and, it must be said, for many other reasons) they were muffled and masked by the persistence of old forms. Superficially and nominally much of European society remained unchanged between 1500 and 1800 or thereabouts. Yet the economic realities underlying it changed a great deal. Appearances were deceptive.

The word “Renaissance” refers to the

The word vernacular is used to describe?

The year 1500 may be said to represent a turning point in European history because

This overall agricultural change in the end eliminated the recurrent deaths which so long retained their power to destroy __________ advance.

This was the beginning of the increasing use of paper, instead of bullion. In the eighteenth century came the first European paper currencies and the invention of __________.

Thomas More suggested how sixteenth-century people could implement Christian social principles in his

Thomas More’s Utopia?

What does “Renaissance” mean?

What extrmely important invention was created around that time?

What is harder is to see what it was in the European mind which pressed the European craftsman forward and also stimulated the interest of his social betters so that a craze for mechanical engineering is as important an aspect of the age of the __________ as is the work of its architects and goldsmiths. After all, this did not happen elsewhere.

What is the term meaning, “separate from the Church”?

What was “indulgence”?

What was the order of succession after King Henry VIII?

Which is NOT one of the main ripple effects the Renaissance brought?

Which of the following locations had the greatest influence on shaping the values of the Italian Renaissance?:

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?

Which one of these was NOT one of the Three Catholic Principles?

Who founded Calvinism?

Who of these characters were artists of some sort?

Who was a, Italian poet who rewrote Roman works, made many love poems, and was considered pioneer of the Renaissance?

Who was a monk, scholar, physician and author?

Who was Martin Luther?

Who wrote “The Prince” due to his belief that men were decietful greedy, and power-hungry?

Why did princess Mary get the nickname “Bloody Mary”?

Why did King Henry VIII start his own religion?

__________The misdeeds of the clergy and the problems of the temporal church were popular themes in Renaissance literature.

… modern” period. By this, though, they are really drawing our attention to a process in which the modern Atlantic world emerged from the tradition-dominated, agrarian, superstitious and confined western Christendom of the Middle Ages, and this took place at different times in different countries. So is its importance, for it laid the groundwork for a European world __________.

… begin with the simple and obvious truth that for most of human history most people’s lives have been deeply and cruelly shaped by the fact that they have had little or no _________ about the way in which they could provide themselves and their families with shelter and enough to eat. The possibility that things might be otherwise has only recently become a conceivable one to even a minority of the world’s population and it became a reality for any substantial number of people only with changes in the economy of early modern Europe …

…the world was growing more commercial, more used to the idea of employing money to make money, and was supplying itself with the apparatus of modern __________.

Anticlericalism

Classicism

Humanism

Individualism

Italian Renaissance

Nationalism

Northern Renaissance

Renaissance

Who was the King of England who started his own reformation because he wanted to divorce his wife and the Pope did not approve?

Protestant educators

Anabaptist

Lutheranism

Catholic

German princes were granted the power to decide the religion of their states in the

Erasmus hoped to reform Christianity through all of the following except

Typically in Protestant societies

The English Reformation began in 1533 when Henry VIII broke with the pope because?

The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)

Which of the following statements best describes the reform movement of John Calvin?

n Bohemia, Calvinists object to unfair taxation and the HRE sends officials to make them pay up. They defenestrate them at Prague Castle.

Bohemian Phase

Count Tilly

Danish Phase

Martin Luther’s early monastic life was characterized by

Popular religion in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance witnessed a

The basic premise of the Protestants was?

In eastern Europe serfdom actually extended its range when it was dying out elsewhere. Yet by 1800, taking Europe as a whole and a few leading countries in particular, agriculture was one of the two economic sectors where progress was most marked (commerce was the other). Overall, it had proved capable of sustaining a continuing __________ of population at first very slowly, but at a quickening rate.

During the Renaissance, the European economy

The leader of the German revolt was?

The Peasants’ War of 1524-1525 was

About how much of the land in Western Europe was owned or controlled by the church?

Which was a major result of the Reformation?

The 16th century revolt which divided Christians into Protestants and Catholics is known as the?

The Christian humanists were

At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church

the form of Protestantism originated and led by John Calvin, centered at Geneva, which spread more widely than any other branch of the movement

founded by Ignatius of Loyola, this religious order became the most powerful instrument of the Catholic Reformation.

meeting of Catholic leaders from 1545 to 1563 which dealt with abuses and created the modern Church

decree from King Henry IV that established Catholicism as the official religion of France but gave freedom of worship to Huguenots.

made the Book of Common Prayer standard for worship in England and essentially established the Protestant Church of England.

Johann Eck

Philip Melanchthon

Katharina von Bora

Ulrich Zwingli

Munster

The Edict of Worms

An early church reformer, this person nis responsible for translating the old and new testaments of the Bible in English. Although burned at the stake as a heretic, his early work laid the foundation for the “King James” version of the Bible.

In France just prior to the Wars of Religion there

As part of the “counter reformation” movement from the Catholic Church, officials in Rome revived a practice of aggressively convicting and punishing heretics. They often used torture and even death as a tactic. What was this called?

The Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation is known as?

The slave trade was commercially very important, too. Huge profits were occasionally made…value of the trade made it a great and contested prize, though the normal return on capital has been much exaggerated. For two centuries it provoked diplomatic wrangling and even war as nation after nation sought to break into it or monopolize it. This testified to the trade’s importance in the eyes of statesmen, whether it was __________ justified or not.

Find the false description among the following officials of Henry VIII.

What doctrine created by Martin Luther challenged the clergy’s position between God and man?

Pacifist leader of Dutch Anabaptists

Thomas Cranmer

Anne Boleyn

Francis Xavier

Henry IV

Renaissance courtiers were?

What Pope called the Council of Trent and helped to lead the Counter-Reformation?

The church practice of selling positions of leadership was called

What is harder is to see what it was in the European mind which pressed the European craftsman forward and also stimulated the interest of his social betters so that a craze for mechanical engineering is as important an aspect of the age of the __________ as is the work of its architects and goldsmiths. After all, this did not happen elsewhere

Lutherans wanted to get the Bible into as many hands as possible. This is why they had it translated into many different languages.

Eventually Martin Luther comes to openly oppose the church by organizing a new Christian religion. What was his new religion called

considered the first Church reformer (living prior to Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli).

he was one of the earliest opponents of papal authority influencing secular power…was also an early advocate for translation of the Bible into the common language.

a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland. Born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system

Calvin’s doctrine of Predestination

Luther and Zwingli parted company over the issue of the

…the world was growing more commercial, more used to the idea of employing money to make money, and was supplying itself with the apparatus of modern __________

Who set up a theocracy in Geneva that trained preachers to spread Protestantism all over northern Europe?

The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were

The immediate cause of the English Reformation was

Luther finally answered the question “How can I be saved?” by

All of the following are causes of the scientific revolution EXCEPT

Albrecht von Wallenstein

Edict of Restitution

Swedish Phase

30 Years

The dominant trend of government in Renaissance city-states in Italy was from?:

A late Renaissance reformer who maintained that “the Hermetic philosophy, with its mystical approach to God and nature, held the key to true wisdom,” was

The French and Dutch drew their Protestantism chiefly from?

Luther was condemned by

The most important political treaty signed at the conclusion of the religious wars?

The Swiss leader Zwingli

The reign of England’s Queen Mary I was noted for

In Bohemia, Calvinists object to unfair taxation and the HRE sends officials to make them pay up. They defenestrate them at Prague Castle.

In his book Utopia, Thomas More

Why did many of the nobles support the English Reformation?

author of The Imitation of Christ, an example of the Catholic movement toward pietism and mysticism just before the Reformation.

German city where Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses, which precipitated the Protestant Reformation.

imperial decree branding Luther a criminal and ordering that his books be burned as heresy

former nun whom Luther married, providing a model for the Protestant ministry of the future.

former Lord Chancellor of England who supported the pope

The church took action. From 1545 to 1563 in what is called the?

The Reformation bolstered

All of the following ideas were part of Martin Luther’s teachings EXCEPT

In the most advanced countries it brought new ideas about what constituted status and how it should be recognized. Though not complete, there was a shift from personal ties to market relationships as a way of denning people’s rights and expectations, and a shift from a __________ vision of society to an individualist one.

Which term best matches what a “denomination” is?

“…It is, then, much safer to be feared than to be loved…for touching human nature, we may say in general that men are untruthful, unconstant, dissemblers, they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain. While you do them good, they are wholly yours…but when (danger) approaches, they revolt.”

Such was the advice given rulers by