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    Art History

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    true
    the use of gold paint in illuminated letters and manuscripts was used to brighten up, or lighten, the letter or page
    true
    beyond creating a great empire, Charlemagne encourage learning and the arts
    false
    a cloister was a dark, closed courtyard built to protect monks from invaders
    true
    during the Medieval period, the church favored art that could teach and inspire the faithful
    true
    for nearly 1,000 years, manuscript illuminations were the most important paintings
    Medieval
    the period from 500-1500 in western Europe has been given three names by historians. it has been called the Dark Ages, the Middle Ages, and the _ period
    illuminations
    manuscript paintings often done in silver, gold, and rich colors during the middle ages were called-
    Gothic
    the Romanesque artistic style thrived until the _ style appeared on the scene
    pointed arch
    the three french architectural improvements that allowed gothic structures to move from romanesque heaviness towards lightness and grace were the development of the _, the pier, and the flying buttress
    sculptor
    the revival of the _’s craft was one of the important achievements of the romanesque period
    true
    hand-written manuscripts had such extreme value that many medieval book owners put chains on their books to prevent theft
    true
    the addition of the transept inside and the towers outside were two changes made to the basilica style for the churches of the middle ages
    true
    overcrowding was the biggest problem of medieval cities
    false
    during the medieval ages the church was used as a center for art, learning, and religion, but most medieval towns did not have a church
    true
    how to construct a stone roof over a large church was the greatest challenge to romanesque church designers
    true
    the term “Gothic” was given to the style that replaced the Classical style of the Greeks and Romans, in reference to the fact that the Goths had defeated Rome
    true
    different minerals were added to glass to change the color for stained-glass windows
    patrons or medici family
    during the Renaissance talented artists were provided with generous funding by-
    foreshortening
    Paolo Uccello used the _ technique of drawing figures or objects according to the rules of perspective in his painting The Battle of San Romano, but it still did not look realistic
    realism
    the visual arts of the italian renaissance had a new emphasis on _ inspired by the surviving examples from classical greece and rome
    perspective
    _ and the use of shade and light were used during the italian renaissance to achieve astonishingly realistic paintings
    realism
    in sculpture, the concern for _ was manifested in the lifelike figures of Donatello and Michelangelo that seemed to move freely and naturally in space
    dome
    Filippo Brunelleschi won the contest with his design for the _ of the catherdral of florence
    contrapposto
    _ is the the term used for sculptures of human figures showing a slight shift in the position of one leg to create an uneven balance of weight in the figure
    longer naturalistic
    donatello used perspective in sculpture when carving figures that were to be placed above eye level. he made the upper part of the body _ so that when viewed from below, they would seem more _
    true
    the addition of the transept inside and the towers outside were two changes made to the basilica style for the churches of the middle ages
    true
    the emergence of a middle class provided a growing market for all the arts
    true
    Ghiberti, a sculptor, is best known for the works he made for the Baptistry doors of the florence cathedral
    true
    paolo uccello created a “strange fairy-tale world” in his paintings, in spite of the fact that he was devoted to mastering th enew discovery of linear perspective
    true
    tapestries were hung on walls in castles for decoration as well as to keep drafts and dampness out
    false
    the renaissance began in rome around 1400
    false
    Fra Angelico took the innovations of Giotto and developed them further to produce a style that became the trademark of the italian renaissance
    false
    both ghiberti and masaccio found it difficult to break completely with the old gothic style
    false
    donatello worked as an assistant for brunelleschi on the first set of doors for the florence cathedral baptistry
    true
    after the death of charlemagne, a new system called Feudalism arose where powerful lords took over most of the land and controlled lesser noblemen and serfs
    true
    an ambulatory was often added to the romanesque church to make it easier for religious processions to move around the inside of the building
    true
    the tympanum of the exterior of the church was an area to which people naturally lifted their eyes as they entered the building, so it was the perfect location for relief carvings
    true
    during the romanesque period, sculpted figures were frequently elongated to fit between columns
    true
    many medieval sculptors served their apprenticeships by carving the capitols for church columns
    true
    romanesque painters possessed the skills to paint more accurately, but chose not to do so to keep the religious symbols easy to understand
    true
    romanesque churches needed to be lighted from within by candles and lamps, while gothic churches were bathed in the light from stained-glass windows
    true
    during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, illuminations were often outlined to resemble stained-glass windows
    true
    among the greatest artists working in the International style were the Limbourg brothers. one of their best known contributions was the Book of Hours
    true
    giotto’s scenes were surprising at the time they were painted because they presented realistic figures, actions, and emotions
    true
    Rogier’s paintings exhibit more emotion and greater organization than van Eyck’s
    true
    as new ideas spread north from renaissance italy, Northern artists lost influence
    true
    Hugo van der Goes altered nature and proportions of people for emotional impact in his paintings
    true
    the use of a dark background for portrait painting draws attention to the subject of the painting
    false
    italian artists were offended by the huge work commissioned by the Medici family, The Portinari Altarpiece, by hugo van der goes
    Jan van Eyck
    his famous altarpiece was made in twelve panels
    a chair
    which item listed below was not used as a symbol by northern artists van der goes and van eyck?
    hugo van der goes
    his portrayal of shepherds in a fifteenth century nativity painting caused great excitement
    Flanders
    which country in Northern Europe became the center for the painters?
    true
    jan van eyck was the Flemish artist usually credited for the invention of the oil-paint technique
    true
    hugo van der goes combined emotionalism and realistic detail and then added his own techniques of altering nature and proportions
    true
    rogier van der weyden was a popular portrait artist
    true
    no other painter has mastered jan van eyck’s marvelous precision and glowing color
    true
    gesso is a mixture of glue and white pigment used to prime surfaces for painting
    true
    northern european artists represented spiritual feelings through symbolism
    false
    the change from a medieval art style to a more modern art style began later and progressed more slowly in italy than it did in northern europe
    true
    a triptych is a painting on three hinged panels that can be folded together
    true
    rogier van der weyden performed a valuable service by preserving the gothic concerns for good design and vivid emotion
    true
    one of the most important sources of inspiration for the Venetian artists was their beautiful, colorful, and unique island city
    true
    artists in Florence and Rome rejected the goals of the renaissance for a new artistic style called Mannerism
    true
    the venetian artist Giorgione da Castelfranco avoided hard edges and bathed his subjects in a soft, golden light
    true
    the Counter-Reformation was an effort by the Catholic Church to lure people back and to regain its former power
    true
    Baroque art is a style characterized by the appearance of movement, contrast, and emotion
    false
    a facade is the entire exterior of a building
    true
    throughout the baroque period, sculptors showed the same interest in movement, contrast, and variety as did architects
    false
    during the baroque period of art, flanders was the center of the art world
    true
    the church that made francesco borromini world famous was San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in rome, italy
    true
    in sculpture, the new relationship of space and movement, where figures seem to move freely within a space, sets baroque sculpture apart from the previous 200 years
    action
    like baroque architects and sculptors, painters of this period used more _ in their works than had their predecessors, and this increased the excitement of their creations. they also used dramatic lighting contrast in their works
    Michelangelo da Caravaggio
    more than any other painter, _ gave baroque art its unique look and feel
    Artemisia Gentileschi
    the first woman to have a significant impact on Western art was-
    chiaroscuro
    _ is the technique of the arrangement of dramatic contrasts of light and dark value in a painting
    true
    in 1648, a treaty with spain divided holland in the north from flanders in the south. this split was mainly created because of religious differences- differences that became apparent in the artwork created in the two sections
    true
    instead of religious subjects, northern artists began painting genre paintings
    true
    Rembrandt’s painting The Mill was his largest and probably most famous landscape
    false
    Judith Leyster painted only still lives as was expected of female artists during her lifetime
    true
    dutch artists who painted only genre paintings supplying the dutch with pictures for their fashionable homes were called the Little Dutch Masters
    jan van eyck
    painting The Ghent Alterpiece
    hugo van der goes
    painting The Adoration of the Shepherds
    francesco borromini
    building San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in rome, italy
    gianlorenzo bernini
    sculpture The Ecstasy of St Theresa
    caravaggio
    painting The Conversion of St Paul
    peter paul rubens
    painting Daniel in the Lions’ Den
    rembrandt
    painting The Mill
    jan vermeer
    painting The Love Letter
    diego velazquez
    painting Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)
    judith leyster
    painting Merry Company
    hugo van der goes
    _ combined the emotionalism and realistic detail of two other northern artists to achieve his own style
    perspective
    the german painter Durer studied the theory of proportion and _ in order to capture the beauty and balance of italian paintings and decided to make the renaissance style his own
    action
    like baroque architects and sculptors, painters of this period used more _ in their works than had their predecessors, and this increased the excitement of their creations. they also used dramatic lighting contrast in their works
    michelangelo da caravaggio
    more than any other painter, _ gave baroque art its unique look and feel
    hugo van der goes
    his portrayal of shepherds in a fifteenth century nativity painting caused great excitement in the art world
    true
    rogier van dser weyden performed a valuable service by preserving the gothic concerns for good design and vivid emotion
    true
    artists in florence and rome rejected the goals of the renaissance for a new artistic style called mannerism
    true
    the Counter-Reformation was an effort by the catholic church to lure people back and to regain its former power
    true
    early in his career Goya adopted the Rococo style to gain fame and fortune
    true
    goya was appointed court painter to King Charles IV
    true
    goya painted The Third of May, 1808 in direct response to the French invasion of Spain
    false
    goya’s painting emphasizes the importance of bravery and chivalry in war
    true
    goya used his own dreams and visions as inspiration for his art, opening the door for others to follow
    false
    reynolds painted The Blue Boy as a challenge to his rival
    portrait
    what kind of painting grew in popularity in eighteenth century England?
    William Hogarth
    which english artist was not interested in catering to the tastes of the aristocrats, but preferred to paint common people to expose the immoral conditions and foolish customs of his time?
    the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum ruins
    what created renewed interest in the Classical period and its art forms?
    Ingres
    in his painting Apotheosis of Homer, two female figures are seated below Homer symbolizing his classic works the Iliad and the Odyssey
    true
    the Impressionists stressed the effects of sunlight on a subject
    false
    smooth surfaces with well-defined edges were the main characteristics of Impressionism
    true
    the impressionists’ paintings were made up entirely of small dabs of color that, when viewed from a distance, blend together to create the desired effect of light on a subject
    true
    Renoir liked to paint joyful, pretty subjects
    true
    Monet painted the same subject over and over because of the ever-changing sunlight on the subject
    Japenese prints
    _ and photography had a major influence on the impressionists
    Mary Cassatt
    Degas played an important role in the development of the American female painter
    sculpture
    Auguste Rodin dominated the world of _ at the end of the nineteenth century
    Impressionist
    Berthe Morisot, a female artist included in the _ group, focused on portraits of interior scenes in her paintings
    rococo art
    placed emphasis on the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on heroes and martyrs
    antoine watteau
    considered the greatest of the Rococo painters, court painter to King Louis XV
    thomas gainsborough
    english portrait painter and rival of Reynolds
    sir christopher wren
    responsible for designing many of the replacement churches and buildings after the Great Fire of London in 1666
    salons
    exhibitions of art created by Academy members
    Jacques-Louis David
    one of the first artists of Neoclassicism, stayed in France to be active in the revolution
    Ingres
    carried the neoclassic style to its highest point, the best known of David’s students
    eugene delacroix
    became leader of the Romanticism movement after the sudden death of Gericault
    john constable and joseph turner
    romantic english landscape painters
    monet and renoir
    French Impressionist painters
    manet and courbet
    french artists who rejected both neoclassicism and romanticism, wanted to paint everyday scenes how they looked
    japanese prints and photography
    had a major influence on the impressionists
    mary cassatt
    an american who was an important figure in the impressionist movement
    van gogh and gauguin
    two important Post-Impressionists
    cezanne
    like monet, often painted the same subject over and over to capture the changing light
    jacques-louis david
    _ and Jean-Auguste-Dominique-Ingres were two artists who practiced the Neoclassic style
    versailles
    the palace at _ symbolized the aristocratic lifestyle and the emblematic nickname of king louis XIV
    rococo style
    the _ of art and architecture began in France near the end of the seventeenth century
    Realistic (Realism)
    edouard manet is an artist who is associated with _ art
    true
    Wren was the famous architect of churches who asked to design and supervise the construction of many buildings of the London skyline
    true
    monet painted the same subject over and over because of the ever-changing sunlight on the subject
    true
    berthe morisot was raised in a family rich in artistic tradition; she also married Edouard Manet’s brother eugene
    true
    paul gauguin left a well-paying job at age 35 to turn to a career in painting. however, his paintings did not sell, and he and his family were reduced to poverty
    Liberation of the Peon
    _ is the title of the mexican artist Diego Rivera’s work inspired by the struggles of the mexican peasant
    jose clemente orozco
    the mexican muralist _ developed a style of painting that earned him the title as the mexican goya
    frida kahlo
    having suffered great physical problems, _ rose to prominence as a female mexican artist who expressed personal feelings through her work
    George Bellows
    in his painting Stag at Sharkey’s, _ was able to capture the violence and action of boxing
    Armory Show
    the _ was the first large exhibition of modern art in america, representing both american and european artists
    true
    rivera, orozco, and siquieros were three mexican muralists who chose political and social problems of the mexican people as the subjects for their art
    true
    the ashcan school was an early twentieth century american art movement which challenged traditional painting techniques and subject matter
    true
    the armory show set the stage for the development of modern art in america
    false
    henri matisse was the leader of the Cubist movement, and he felt his purpose was to challenge the mind of the viewer
    true
    in 1911, Kandinsky and several other painters banded together in Munich to form a group known as the Blaue Reiter, a name taken from a painting by kandinsky
    true
    Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan are a few of the wealthy entrepreneurs who gave money to schools, colleges, and museums. this practice of sharing wealth is known as philanthropy, or an active effort to promote human welfare
    true
    the painting Jonah by Albert Pinkham Ryder depicts a scene from the biblical story of Jonah and the whale. artists ofen use their artwork to tell a story
    cubism
    which of the following movements was not a challenge to Abstract Expressionism?
    Claes Oldenburg
    the american Pop artist _ tried to communicate that we had too much reliance on commercial and industrial products through his artwork
    france
    the non-objective art movement of Op art had it beginnings in all but which country?
    nature as subject
    Hard-edge painting was known for all but which feature?
    use of non-rectangular canvases
    Frank Stella was responsible for which painting innovation?
    to make viewers conscious of the beauty and detail of objects when enlarged
    pop art was created for all but which reasons?
    andrew wyeth
    which artist, though his paintings pay close attention to literal qualities, is not regarded as a Photo-realist?
    true
    Post-Impressionism was the french art movement that immediately followed impressionism
    true
    philanthropy is an active effort to promote human welfare
    true
    one of Eakin’s best works was The Gross Clinic
    cubism
    which of the following movements was not a challenge to abstract expressionism?
    to make viewers conscious of the beauty and detail of objects when enlarged
    pop art was created for all but which reason?
    true
    antonio gaudi believed that architecture should imitate designs found in nature
    true
    The Hearst Estate at san simeon is julia morgan’s most famous architectural achievement

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    Art History. (2017, Aug 28). Retrieved from https://artscolumbia.org/art-history-13-7337/

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