Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from all except:
American marching band music
The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as
a polychord
Among the unusual playing teechniques that were widely used during the twentieth century is the _____, a rapid slide up or down a scale.
glissando
Which of the following composers was not stimulated by the folkore oh his native land?
Anton Webern
A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as
tone cluster
The absence of the key or tonality in a musical composition is known as
atonality
One of the most striking elements of twentieth-century music that is used to generate power and excitement is
rhythm
The use of two or more keys at one time is known as
polytonality
A motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch thoughout a section is called
ostinato
In the twentieth-century music, melodies are often difficult to sing because
of the wide leaps and rhythmic irregularity
Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the
1920s
The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menotti’s
Amahl and the Night Visitors
Recordings of much lesser-known music multipled in 1948 through
the appearance of long-playing disks
The most influential organization sponsoring new music after World War 1 was
the International Society for Contemporary Music
The best-known American ensemble created in the 1930s by a radio network to broadcast live music was the
NBC Symphony Orchestra
One of the most important teachers of musical composition of the twentieth century was
Nadia Boulanger
Impression as a movement originated in
France
Which of the following is not considered a sybolist poet?
Victor Hugo
When viewed closely, impressionist paintings are made up of
tiny colored patches
Debussy’s most famous orchestral work was inspired by a poem by
Stephane Mallarme
Debussy’s music tends to
sound free and almost improvisational
The faun evoked in Debussy’s famous composition is a
creature who is half man, half goat
As a result of his summer sojourns away from France during his teens, Debussy developed a lifelong interest in the music of
Russia
Debussy’s opera Pelleas et Melisande is an almost word-for-word setting of the symbolist play by
Maurice Maeterlinck
At the Paris International Exhibition of 1889 Debussy was strongly influenced by the
performances of Asian music
In which of the following areas did Debussy not create masterpieces?
symphonies
The poem which inspired the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun was written by
Stephane Mallarme
In order to drown the sense of tonality, Debussy
turned to the medieval church modes, borrowed petatonic scales from Javanese music, and developed the whole-tone scale
Which of the following statements is not true of Ravel?
He composed a large number of works in all genres
Ravel’s Bolero originated as a(n)
ballet commissioned by the dancer Ida Rubinstein
While some of Ravel’s music has the fluid, misty, atmospheric quality associated with impressionism, he does not fit neatly into any stylistic category because his
music is too clearly defined in form and tonality
Which of the following works is not by Maurice Ravel?
Voiles
Bolero reflects Ravel’s fascination with
obessive rhythmic repetition and tone color
A more appropriate term for “neoclassicism” might be
neoBaroque
Neoclassical compositions are characterized by
forms and stylistic features of earlier periods
Neoclassicism was a reaction against
romanticism and impressionism
Which of the following is not characteristic of neoclassicism?
misty atmosphere
Neoclassical composers favored
tonality
A painter who went through a neoclassical phase, and who designed sets for Stravinsky’s first neoclassical work, was
Pablo Picasso
During the period from about 1920 to 1951, Stravinsky drew inspiration largely from
eighteenth-century music
Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) is an example of
primitivism
Sergei Diaghilev was the director of the
Russian Ballet
Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring is scored for
an enormous orchestra
Which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky’s Russian period?
Pulcinella
Stravinsky’s composition teacher was
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Stravinsky’s second phase is generally known as
neoclassical
In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, this time drawing inspiration from
Anton Webern
The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinsky’s ballet
The Rite of Spring
Expressionism is an art concerned with
social protest
The expressionist movement flourished in the years
1905-1925
The expressionist movement was largely centered in
Germany and Austria
Twentieth-century musical expressionism grew out of the emotional turbulence in the works of late romantics such as
Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss, and Gustav Mahler
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Expressionist music?
classical tonality
Edvard Munch was an expressionist
painter
The expressionists rejected
conventional prettiness
Expressionism stressed
intense, subjective emotion
Expressionist painters, writers, and composers used ____ to assault and shock their audience.
deliberate distortions
Expressionist composers
avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions
Schoenberg’s teacher was
Schoenberg himself
When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at
UCLA
Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Schoenberg’s
students
In addition to being a composer, Schoenberg showed skill as a
painter
A Survivor from Warsaw used three languages: English, German, and
Hebrew
Schoenberg’s third person, in which he developed the twelve-tone system, began around
1921
Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called
Sprechstimme
Which of the following statements is not true of Schoenberg’s twelve-tone method of composition?
Each tone of a row must be placed in the same register
Which of the following terms is not used to describe the special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in twelve-tone composition?
polychord
Georg Buchner’s play Wozzeck was written in the
1830s
The vocal lines in Wozzeck include
Sprechstimme
Which musical form provides the basis for the last act of Wozzeck?
variations
Which of the following statements regarding Berg is untrue?
He composed a great quantity of music in all forms
Webern’s melodic lines are
atomized into two-or three-note fragments
Webern’s twelve-tone works contain many examples of
strict polyphonic imitation
The least important element in Webern’s music is
tonality
Webern’s Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for
a chamber orchestra of eighteenth soloists
Webern
earned a doctorate in music history from the University of Vienna
Bartok’s principal performing medium was
piano
Bartok evolved a completely individual style that fused folk elements with
changes of meter and a powerful beat, twentieth-century sounds, and classical forms
The melodies Bartok used in most of his works are
original themes that have a folk flavor
Bartok’s six string quartets are widely thought to be the finest since those of
Ludwig van Beethoven
While remaining within the framework of a tonal center, Bartok often used harsh dissonances and _____ in his music.
polychords
Bartok’s string quartets are often compared to those of
Beethoven
As a Soviet composer, Shostakovich was required to
reject modernism
Shostakovich is best known as a composer of
an enormous quantity of music in almost every genre
Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony
is accessible in style and allowed the composer to regain official favor with the Communist party
Shostakovich’s opera Lady MacBeth of the Mtsensk District
established the composer as a major figure in the twentieth-century music
Babi Yar, a poem by the Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko about Jews massacred by the Nazis in Kiev,
was used by Shostakovich as a text of the opening movement of his Thirteenth Symphony
Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony has been described as
“a Soviet artist’s practical creative response to just criticism”
Putnam’s Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a child’s impression of
a Fourth of July picnic
Charles Ives’s father was a(n)
bandmaster
After graduating from Yale, Ives
went into the insurance business
During most of his lifetime, Ives’s musical compositions
accumulated in the barn of his Connecticut farm
Ives’s music contains elements of
revival hymns and ragtime, patriotic songs and barn dances, and village bands and church choirs
Ives’s large and varied output includes works in many genres, but not
operas
Putnam’s Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a movement from Ives’s
Three Places in New England
Gershwin left high school at the age of fifteen to
become a pianist demonstrating new songs in a publisher’s salesroom
The Gershwin song that became a tremendous hit in 1920 was
Swanee
Porgy and Bess is a(n)
opera
In addition to his musical skills, George Gershwin showed talent as a
painter
George Gershwin usually collaborated with the lyricist
Ira Gershwin
Which of the following works is not by George Gershwin?
The Desert Song
Rhapsody in Blue opens with
a solo clarinet
“Harlem Renaissance” was the name
sometimes given to a flowering of African American culture during the years 1917-1935
William Grant Still’s opera dealing with the Haitian slave rebellion is
Troubled Island
As a result of his studies in compositions with composers from two opposing musical camps, the conservative George Whitefield Chadwick and the modernist Edgard Varese, Still
composed in a very conservative style
Each movement of William Grant Still’s Afro-American Symphony is prefaced by lines from a poem by
Paul Laurence Dunbar
William Grant Still’s works in African American style, such as his Afro-American Symphony, were
performed to critical acclaim in New York
After serving in the navy and a brief return to studies at Oberlin College, William Grant Still moved to New York where he
made band arrangements and played in the orchestras of all-black musical shows
Copland’s name has becomes synonymous with American music because of his use of
revival hymns, cowboy songs, and other folk tunes
Copland’s turn toward simplicity in the 1930s can be traced in part to
the great depression
In 1921 Copland began a three-year period of study in
France
Which of the following works was not composed by Copland?
Concord Sonata
In addition to his compositions, Copland made valuable contributions to music in America by
directing composer’s groups, writing books and magazine articles, and organizing concerts of American music
In 1925, and for a few years afterward, Copland’s music showed the influence of
jazz
An example of Copland’s use of serialist technique is
Connotations
Appalachian Spring originated as a
ballet score
Copland depicted “Scenes of daily activity for the Bride and her Farmer-husband” in Appalachian Spring through
five variations on the Shaker melody Simple Gifts
Ginastera’s early interest in percussive sounds was fully realized in his work entitled
Estancia Suite
During the 1940s and 1950s Ginastera was forced to resign from his teaching positions because
he opposed the regime of Juan Peron
The Latin American Center of Advanced Musical Studies, which Ginastera directed, promoted
avant-garde musical techniques
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Ginastera’s music?
simple harmonies
In Final Dance: Malambo, the character of the gaucho is shown through
energetic melodies and perpetual motion
Minimalist music is characterized by
a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns
Many composers since the mid-1960s have made extensive use of quotations from earlier music as an attempt to
improve communication between the composer and the listener
A major composer associated with the serialist movement is
Milton Babbitt
All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the
continued composition of symphonies in the classical style
Intervals smaller than the half step are called
microtones
Twelve-tone compositional techniques used to organize rhythm, dynamics, tone color, and other dimensions of music to produce totally controlled and organized music are called
serialism
In chance or aleatoric music, the composer
choose pitches, tone colors, and rhythms by random methods
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Music for her composition
Symphony No. 1
One of the most widely performed orchestral works by a living American composer is
Adam’s Short Ride in a Fast Machine
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich’s Concerto Grosso 1985 is an example of
quotation music
“Liberation of sound” refers to
the use of non-musical sounds, often produced by an electronic instrument
Which composer used a toy piano in his song cycle?
George Crumb
Which composer was known for creating dramatic effects through changes in tempo?
Elliot Carter
Rapid slide up or down a scale
glissando
Combination of two chords sounded at the same time, used in twentieth-century music
polychord
Chord in which the tones are a fourth apart, instead of a third; used in twentieth-century music
fourth chord
Chord made up of tones only a half step or whole step apart, used in music after
tone cluster
Approach to pitch organization using two or more keys at one time, often found in twentieth-century music
polytonality
Approach to pitch organization using two keys at one time, often found in twentieth-century music
bitonality
Absence of tonality, or key, characteristic of much music of twentieth and early twenty-first centuries
atonality
Use of two more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time, often found in music after 1900
polyrhythm
Motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch, used in music of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries to stabilize a group of pitches
ostinato
Scale made up of five different tones, used in folk music and music of the far east
petatonic scale
Scale made up of six different tones, each a whole step away from the next, which conveys no definite sense of tonality; often found in the music of Debussy and his followers
Whole-tone scale
Succession of varying tone colors serving as a musical idea in a composition, used by Schoenberg and his followers
tone-color melody (Klangfarbenmelodie)
In German, speech-voice; a style of vocal performance halfway between speaking and singing, typical of Schoenberg and his followers
Sprechstimme
Method of composing in which all pitches of a composition are derived from a special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones (tone row or set); developed by Schoenberg in the early 1920s
twelve-tone system
Particular ordering of the twelve chromatic tones, from which all pitches in a twelve-tone composition are derived
tone row (set, series)
Method of composing that uses an ordered group of musical elements to organize rhythm, dynamics, and tone color, as well as pitch; developed in the mid-twentieth century
serialism
Music composed by the random selection of pitches, tone colors, and rhythms; developed in the 1950s by John Cage and others
chance (aleatory) music
Works which make extensive use of quotations from earlier music; common since the mid-1960s
quotation music
Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means
electronic instrument
Interval smaller than a half step
microtune
Technique in which music is presented together with visual counterparts such as slide projections, films, or theatrical action
mixed media
A piano whose sound is altered by placing objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, or pieces of felt between the strings of some of the keys
prepared piano
Percussion instrument of definite pitch with metal bars, similar to the marimba, with tubular metal resonators driven by electronic impulses
vibraphone
Percussion instrument with tuned wooden bars, similar to the xylophone, but larger and having cylindrical acoustic resonators
marimba
Composer born in Paris, created one of the most famous piece called Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
Debussy
Stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity are characteristics of
impressionism music
Debussy uses successions of ____ ____ that do not ____.
dissonant, chords, resolve
This composer grew up in Paris, and was a master of orchestral and pianistic tone color
Ravel
Besides the clarinet and strings, the French loved
flutes and harps
The worst piece ever, by Ravel, that became the most popular was
Bolero
The most important composer in the 20th century, wrote 3 famous ballets, and was born in Russia, but moved to Paris was
Stravinsky
Stravinsky wrote one of the most important chorale work called
Symphony of Songs
Robert Craft was
Stravinsky’s musical assistant
The deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds
primitivism
Stressed intense, subjective emotion
expressionism
This composer was born in Hungary and based his symphonies on folk tunes
Bartok
Bartok’s most popular work. Finished it in 6 weeks.
Concerto for Orchestra
This composer was born in Connecticut, and was the 1st significant American composer.
Ives
Varese was the first composer to
abandon an orchestra
Varese wrote ____, which became the most famous ___ piece in the 20th century.
Ionisation, percussion
____ was one of the first to use ____ to create sounds
Varese, synthesizer
This compose was born in Buenos Aires, he’s Argentinean, and was attracted to percussion
Ginastera
Astor Piazzolla was
Ginastera’s first private composition student
One of Ginastera’s most popular work was
Estancia
A dance for men only performed by the gaucho
malambo
The most famous and influential creator of chance music was the American
John Cage
Steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns
minimalist music
