General psychology examines the psychics of a normal adult person, his perception and behavior, memory and attention, will, character and personality in general. This science also explores how these psychics were processing and their further development. In the system of psychology, science should be given a special place for the following reasons.
Firstly, this is a very hard science that is known to mankind. After all, the psychics are the property of highly organized stuff. If we mean the psychics, then the word highly organized stuff should add the word itself: the brain is the most highly organized stuff known to us.
Secondly, psychology is in a special position because it seems to merge the object and subject of cognition. My university lecturer has taught me a lot about all these issues and made me highly aware of general psychology.
How are the psychics processing? What ways does psychologist penetrate into the mysterious world of the human soul and learns to control the body? What mechanisms are the basis of precepting reality? How to learn not only to memorize but to forget? Why do we notice some things and do not see others? What perceptible and unconscious motives determine the behavior of people? What is the mechanism of processing creativity and imagination? What are the regularities of communication in the world of people and animals? How to master your emotions and be acquainted with your body? The course of general psychology has taught me the information how to answer most of these questions and to talk about interesting issues about the difference between what we see and what is really happening.
But what are the main goals of psychology? There are four main goals of psychology: they are to describe, explain, predict and change the process of behavior. Why do we need to know these issues and the difference between them? That can help us to expand our understanding about a certain process in the human body and learn more information about our behavior.
Psychological science solves three groups of objectives: research, diagnostic, correctional.
Research objective includes the study of the object of science at various levels. For example, at the level of general laws and factors of development, the following tasks are solved: a study of age dynamics of individual psychophysiological functions, processing, properties; the identification of individual relationships of the psychics throughout the human life cycle, considering their activities.
Diagnostic objective aims to: recognize and assess the level of the human psychics, the degree of maturity of individual and social characteristics of a person at different stages; estimate deviations in mental development in comparison with age and experience; determine the potential for mental development; obtain scientific data to improve and predict the development of an individual.
Performing diagnostic objective in psychology involves identifying a specific task, processing appropriate methods for data collection, analyzing the data collected and interpreting them, establishing a diagnosis, formulating a prognosis from the psychologist.
The correctional objective is aimed at correcting defects in mental progress, eliminating the causes that lead to such defects, the special organization of educational experiment and psychological training, elaboration of recommendations on the life way, taking into consideration the age and individuality of a person. These issues are performed by the work of a psychologist in specialist institutions, and practical work of another psychologist, who work in school, industry, sports, etc. Psychologist, in particular, provides people with appropriate information, helps them to choose a specialty, a job that is in line with his interests and abilities, and aids in the process of adaptation.
The psycho-correction is understood by experts as activity related to the correction of those features of mental progress, which according to the usual system of criteria does not meet the established norm. In psychology, the methods of correction have a big difference.
The psychics are the brain’s ability to reflect the environment and regulate human behavior and activities. The body of the psychics is the brain. The brain works reflexively. Reflex is the response of a living organism to one effect or another, which is carried out through the nervous system, the central organ of which is the brain. Responding to external influences, the body adapts to the outside world.
In psychology lessons professor also has taught me some information about the brainstem and the main process which is rendered by it. This process is non-verbal memory and learning. Neurons of brainstem create cores that form the most important nerve centers of life support: respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, as well as the process of muscle tone regulation, reflex maintenance and restoration of posture, tentative reflex on visual and hearing irritants. Manifestations of the work of the centers of the brainstem are processing of reflexes of inhalation and exhalation, cardiac, vascular, swallowing, chewing, spasmodic. From the brainstem egress 12 pairs of craniocerebral nerves, the largest of which is the vagus nerve.
A sensory feeling in psychology is the reflection of individual properties of objects and phenomena with the direct action of stimulating on the sensory organs. With the help of sensation, the people open colors and sounds, taste, weight, heat or cold of things that surround them. In addition, sensory organs give information on changes in our own body: a person feels a violation of the functioning of the internal organs, the position, and movement of his body and its individual parts.
Sensation as an image, reflecting the individual properties of objects, arise during the activity of any sensory organs. For example, when a person is shown a thing for not a very long time, she sees a spot in a certain color but is not able to say what exactly it was.
The concept of perception has a difference from the sensation. Knowledge about the surrounding reality is received not only through sensory organs but also through the perception. Sensation shows only certain properties of objects, such as their smell, color, hardness, etc., whereas in perception all these properties are reflected in their totality and connection. Perception is the reflection in the human consciousness of objects and phenomena of reality with their direct influence on the senses.
The result of perception is the integral image of the object. For example, by taking a new book, we reflect the color of its pages, the weight, the smell of the printing ink, and so on. All these visual, tactile, olfactory and other sensory properties, combined, give the image of the book.
When I was talking to my psychologist, he has taught me the main goals of psychology, and I understood that this science is extremely tough, so if you want to be good at psychology science, you need to work really hard and be aware of all the processes of the human brain.
