Introduction
Air pollution is a phenomenon that can cause many problems in Malaysia. It will affect the economic sector and will harm the country income. This phenomena occur from many sources and mostly from the unresponsive individuals. Air pollution becomes a serious issue because it is the factor that contributes to the quality of life and living. The source of air pollution due to increasing transportation, transboundary pollution, and industrial activities. The air pollution may cause various diseases to the human. Symptoms like nose, skin, eyes, and difficulty in breathing will occur due to low air quality. It is very dangerous to humans if the government not overcome this phenomenon.
Malaysian Department of Environment is responsible to control the source of air pollution in this country. Its role is to monitor the air quality status and to inform people about air pollution in real-time at certain places. When they get the data of the air quality, they will investigate the source of the pollutant and make the plan or advise to control the pollutant to prevent health effects. In Malaysia, the major source of air pollutions is trans-boundary pollution because of the open burning from Indonesia Country. The air pollution index can rise until 350 μg/m³ which is the dangerous state.
First Articles: Transboundary smoke haze pollution in Malaysia: Inpatient health
Impacts and economic valuation
The primary source haze in Malaysia is transboundary pollution from Indonesia. Open biomass burning from Indonesia which produces transboundary smoke haze is an annual phenomenon that causes decay in the local air quality in Malaysia (Mahmud, 2013). This phenomenon occurs almost every year and produces the quality of air in Malaysia very low particularly in Sabah and Sarawak. The Malaysian API ranges from good (0-50), moderate (51-100), unhealthy (101-200), very unhealthy (201-300) and hazardous (greater than 300). Burned biomass is precarious to health especially to the lungs, heart, skin, also eyes. It carries concentrated particulate matter such as organic matter, graphitic carbon, toxic metals, and acidic species. Additional study explained air pollution can affect the respiratory and circulatory systems. The haze phenomenon will grow asthma patients in the hospital. The risk of new birth during haze very high. As a conclusion for these articles discuss that air pollution has a high hazard to human health.
Second Articles: Air Pollution Study of Vehicles Emission In High Volume Traffic: Selangor, Malaysia As A Case Study
Vehicles emissions is one of the source of air pollution in Malaysia even it is not the major source. High traffic in big towns such as Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru will reduce the quality of air. Various campaigns organized by the government to give awareness to people to preserve the environment. The campaign that they organized are carpool campaign, and public transport campaign. Emissions from motor vehicles are the single most significant source of air pollution in many Malaysian urban areas (Fadzil et. al 2012). The fuel does not proceed to the final product carbon dioxide (CO2) when the oxidation of the carbon monoxide (CO) because of lack of combustion air. A low amount of CO in the exhaust makes the high complete combustion because it has enough air and will complete to change to CO2 gas.
When the high quantity of CO, the fuel not complete of partially oxidize. The vehicle will emit the carbon monoxide and the air quality will decrease. Carbon monoxide will affect heart diseases because it reduces the flow of oxygen in the bloodstream and it particularly dangerous to the human body. Besides that, vehicles also can emit hydrocarbons (HC). Hydrocarbon released when partially oxidized of fuel because of lack of oxygen during combustion and occurs when the poor fuel and air mixing. Hydrocarbon will form ground-level ozone which is a major component smog. From a health perspective, ozone will irritate the eyes, aggravates respiratory problems, and damages the lungs. Based on these articles, vehicle emission is one of the sources of air pollution in Malaysia especially in busy towns because more vehicles in that place, more dangerous gas will emit and the air quality becomes lower.
Third Articles: Factors influencing the variations of PM10 aerosol dust in Klang Valley,
Malaysia during the summer
An aerodynamic diameter with less than 10 µm (PM10) has been identified and it is an important atmospheric pollutant in Malaysia include Southeast Asia. In Malaysia, PM10 is one of the major air pollutants and is decisive in the computation of the Malaysian Air Pollution Index (MAPI) (Juneng et al., 2011). In Southeast Asia, biomass consumption is a significant provincial wellspring of particulate issues in the climate, most outstandingly during the dry seasons. The burning of peat soil and plant residue in Sumatra, Indonesia, and Indochina releases vast quantities of smoke, consisting of a high quantity of particulate matter, into the atmosphere.
Over the Klang Valley, the concentration of PM10 during the summer monsoon dry season is particularly high due to the contribution of smoke from biomass burning from regional sources. Over the Klang Valley, the concentration of PM10 during the summer monsoon dry season is particularly high due to the contribution of smoke from biomass burning from regional sources. Aside from emanation sources, encompassing air quality can be emphatically impacted by meteorological elements through complex communications between different procedures e discharges, transport, concoction change just as wet and dry testimony, etc. Hence, it is comprehended that air quality depends on discharge sources, yet additionally all the more critically, on the climate components with multifaceted attributes over different spatial-fleeting scales. Locally, biogenic and dust outflows, notwithstanding certain synthetic procedures, are constrained by neighborhood climate components, for example, temperature, relative moistness, sun based radiation transition, and darkness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, most of the articles relate to the air pollution in Malaysia mention the source of air pollution in Malaysia. The major source of air pollution in Malaysia are transboundary pollution and heavy traffic that make vehicle emission. Besides that, they also discuss about health perspective. Besides health perspective, many effects of air pollution in Malaysia such as effect on the economy.
It can decrease the economy because many departments cannot work and produce production. The paper analyzed a few potential clarifying elements which may impact the PM10 varieties over the Klang Valley, Malaysia zone during the summer monsoon by mean of basic numerous direct relapses. These clarifying components can be described by three various gatherings, to be specific: neighborhood meteorological elements, concise climate conditions, and hotspot number checks which speak to local emanation conditions.
Reflection
Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of substances put there by the acts of man in concentrations sufficient to interfere with health comfort Safety, full use and enjoyment of the property. Air pollution problems have three types which are type one is indoor, local, and urban, type two is regional, continental, and type three are hemispheric and global. Most of the air pollutants in Malaysia are primary air pollutant because they enter directly into the atmosphere from natural events or human. Secondary air pollutant is a minor source of air pollution in Malaysia. It is formed in the atmosphere through chemical reaction and solar reaction.
Factors affecting air pollution that make air quality in Malaysia is wind. Wind make pollution from the other country behind Malaysia like Indonesia move to Malaysia. Air in natural motion moving horizontally at any velocity along the earth surface.
