HIerarchies are
-Descriptions of social reality
-But they are idealizations
-They Are how people imagined society
-But they are idealizations
-They Are how people imagined society
Hierarchies built on
-on orders of
-Middle ages- Those who fight, prey, and work
-Developed new ideas like
-RAce, class, and gender
-Middle ages- Those who fight, prey, and work
-Developed new ideas like
-RAce, class, and gender
Race in Renaissance
-Race, people, nation used to describe ethnic, national, religious, and other groups
Small amount of
-Black africans in ROman Republic
-Came with white slaves (spoils of war)
-Came with white slaves (spoils of war)
Collapse of Roman Empire
-Muslim Christain merchants still importing them
Why merchants able to seize and sell african americans
-Unstable African political conditions
-NO protection from local authorities
-Tradition sanction the practice of slavery
-NO protection from local authorities
-Tradition sanction the practice of slavery
15th century
-Large amounts of black slaves in Europe
Portuguese sailers
Thousands of africans brought to Seville, Barcelona, Marseilles, and Genoa
1530…
Mid 16th century…
4-5 thousand to portugese a year
10% people in Portugese cities were black
3% overall population
_______________ __________________common in Iberian Peninsula
INterracail marraige
_____________ ____ also in NOrthern Europe
Blacks are also in NOrthern Europe
Queen Elizabeth I of England
-1580s
-Complained too many black competing with needy english people for domestic jobs
-Complained too many black competing with needy english people for domestic jobs
Black servants are
-Black servants wanted
-They are exotic and were even in Medieval times
-They are exotic and were even in Medieval times
Italian Aristocrats
-Had portraits painted with black page boys to indicate wealth
-Venetians defied excommunication theats to get blak servants
-Venetians defied excommunication theats to get blak servants
1491 Isabella of Este
-Duchess of Mantua
-Wanted a young black girl
-Joined musicians, dancers, and acrobats as entertainment
-Wanted a young black girl
-Joined musicians, dancers, and acrobats as entertainment
Africans also were
– a labor force
-In Portuagal, Spain, and Italy
Servants
Agricultural laborors
Craftsmen
Seamen
No largescale plantations of slavery yet
-In Portuagal, Spain, and Italy
Servants
Agricultural laborors
Craftsmen
Seamen
No largescale plantations of slavery yet
Europeans didn’t know much about
African Culture
Remote place
Stange people isolated by heresy and islam
Culture underneath their own
If they had contact with a black, they could improve them
Remote place
Stange people isolated by heresy and islam
Culture underneath their own
If they had contact with a black, they could improve them
Wealth and Nobility
While classes don’t yet
While classes don’t yet
describe socail divisions,
the Idea of hierarchy based on wealth along with medieval concept of orders was there
the Idea of hierarchy based on wealth along with medieval concept of orders was there
Most residents of a town are in the
-3rd order, or those who work
-This include wealthy merchants
-Had richs and trade empires rivaling nobles
-Merchants gained political power to match economic might
-This include wealthy merchants
-Had richs and trade empires rivaling nobles
-Merchants gained political power to match economic might
Hierarchy of wealth is
-easier to change then orders
-Inviduals and familes could rise and fall within one generation
-Inviduals and familes could rise and fall within one generation
However, this
-Didn’t replace orders
-Poor nobles had more power than wrich commoners
Italian merchants bought noble titles and country villas
-English or SPanish merchants marry sons and daughters to poor noble families
-NObles had no srict boudary and took in the socail elite of the wealth
-Poor nobles had more power than wrich commoners
Italian merchants bought noble titles and country villas
-English or SPanish merchants marry sons and daughters to poor noble families
-NObles had no srict boudary and took in the socail elite of the wealth
Socail status links
-Certain battle tactics more honorable
-Citry executioner and brothel manager well paid but low status
-Sumptuary laws refelcted wealth and honor
-Merchants could have fur and jewels
-Prostitues forced to wear yellow bands (flames of hell)
-Citry executioner and brothel manager well paid but low status
-Sumptuary laws refelcted wealth and honor
-Merchants could have fur and jewels
-Prostitues forced to wear yellow bands (flames of hell)
Gender roles
Debate about women
Debate about women
Debate among writers an thinkers in the REnaissance about women’s qualities and proper role in society
Misogynist critiques
Females are
-Devious
-Domineering
-Demanding
-Devious
-Domineering
-Demanding
In answer, many authors
Complied list of famous women who were
-Loyal
-Brave
-Morally correct
-Loyal
-Brave
-Morally correct
Christine de Pizan
-Defend women
-Why are they secondary citizens
-Why great philosophers, statesment, and poets were men
-He wanted to see how gender was constructed
-Why are they secondary citizens
-Why great philosophers, statesment, and poets were men
-He wanted to see how gender was constructed
Printing press invented, what is socail result
-Debate on women grew
-Works of writing very popular and translated in many languages
-Peices that juxtaposed female virtues and vice popular
-Works of writing very popular and translated in many languages
-Peices that juxtaposed female virtues and vice popular
Vituistic women
Classical or biblical depiction
Ex. Turtle or snail
Ex. Turtle or snail
Vice ridden women
COntemporary cloths
Ex. Wives beating husbands
16th century
Ex. Wives beating husbands
16th century
Debate on female rulers
-If born into a royal family and educated on how to rule, are women allowed to?
-Is gender or rant more important?
-While women were thought to be less effective than men, there were no rebellions on female rulers
-Is gender or rant more important?
-While women were thought to be less effective than men, there were no rebellions on female rulers
Queen elizabeth I
-Showed masculine qualities when in public
-Actions of men effected
If you are of an age and status that allowed you to rule, but remained unmarried, you could not participate like other men could
Ex. In Venice, unmarried men couldn’t join a ruling council
Ex. In Venice, unmarried men couldn’t join a ruling council
Women are
-married or to be married
-Even if they work to gain economic stability
-Work less valued, often earning ⅔ of what males to for the same work
-Even if they work to gain economic stability
-Work less valued, often earning ⅔ of what males to for the same work
Gender roles overall
-Men dominant
-Served as a symbol of a proper society
If not this way, peiple thought it woudl be threatening disorder
-Gender is the most neutral aspect of renaissance hierarchy and the most important to defend
-Served as a symbol of a proper society
If not this way, peiple thought it woudl be threatening disorder
-Gender is the most neutral aspect of renaissance hierarchy and the most important to defend
