Electron transfer is used in electro chemical cell, and also causes things to rust, when certain metals come into contact With oxygen, they loose electrons In a process called oxidation. Calcium, salt. and water can speed up this process, and this is most easily seen in the shipping industry, Iron and steel are the biggest problems: because they rust more as more rust forms, eventually there is only iron oxide and no iron. Aluminum rusts to form aluminum oxide, but this coats the metal and retards lurther rusting. When copper rusts, it lorms a greenish coating called patina; this is what gives the Statue of Liberty its distinctive green hue. The electrochemical cell uses the electron transfer to do work.
Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode of the battery, Although there are many types of batteries, the most common are alkaline batteries. Lithium batteries have a tendency to last much longer than alkaline batteries, and therefore make the ideal pacemaker battery, Electrolysis is kind of the opposite of reduction, It uses energy to coat metals, or purify water. Photoelectric cells use energy from the sun to cause a chemical reaction. which is then used to do work. If it loses electrons then its oxidation, and if it gains electrons then its reduction. The pH system was set up to measure the acidity of something.
The pH is actually the amount of hydronium ions inside a solution. If a substance has a pH of 7 then it is said to be neutral. If the pH is higher than 7 then it is a base, and if the pH is lower than 7 then it is an acid. The most common strong acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. Common weak acids include citric acid, and vinegar acids have a bitter taste. but in the laboratory, we don’t taste we testI. To test if something is an acid you can put a dab on a piece of litmus paper, if the paper turns from blue to red than its an acid, and if the other way around then it‘s a base. When an acid reacts With a piece of metal it produces hydrogen, bases are used in cleaning and purifying things.
