-Split between Catholism and Protestantisn
-Papal Authority
-Indulgences: Pardons for sins, reducing time and purgatory
-Dissatisfaction with the church Church in Rome led to protestanism reformation witch began the holy roman Empire
-True religious relationships with individuals and god
-how christians achieve salvation
-Art appeared natural
-Clarity over obscurity
-Sculpture figures appear in landscapes under blue skies and perfect perspective
-Calm and Ideal beauty
-Pontprmo and Parmigianino involved ambiguous space with traditional themes