Historical Reconstruction EssayText and Traditions: Work Requirement One Historical ReconstructionMajor events in Jewish history to the first century AD1250 BC Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans. 931 BCDivided Kingdoms. 721 BCFall of Samaria. 587 BCFall of Jerusalem, Babylonian captivity.
333 BCJews under Hellenistic rule. 63 BC Jews under Roman rule. 70 AD Fall of Jerusalem to the Romans. Major events between 50 BC – 100 AD63 BC – 40 BC Hyrcanus2 rules, but is subject to Rome. 41 BC – 30 BC Antony Caesar Roman Emperor.
40 BC – 37 BC Parathions conquer Jerusalem. 38 BC – 4 BCHerod rules as king. Subject to Rome. 37 BC Jerusalem besieged for 6 months.
32 BC Herod Defeated. 31 BC – 14 AD Caesar Augustus Roman Emperor. 19 BC Herod’s Temple begun. 16 BC Herod visits Agrppa.
4 BCHerod dies; Archelaus succeeds. 37 AD – 41 AD Caliguta Roman Emperor. 41 AD – 54 AD Claudius Roman Emperor. 54 AD – 68 AD Nero Roman Emperor. The first persecutor of Christians. 66 AD Jews in Palestine tried to revolt.
Were crushed byTitus. 69 AD – 79 AD Vespasia Roman Emperor. He continued the persecution. 70 AD Jewish temple destroyed. Small part of the wall leftstanding.
79 AD Titus Roman Emperor. Detailed analysis of major Jewish groups of the timePharisees The Pharisees were a group of Jews, that believed strongly against theadoption of Greek ways. They wanted to uphold and protect their fragile Jewishculture, from the Greek influence that was flooding into Israel at the time. They developed as haters of the tradition Greek ways, because of their customswere related to idolatry and immorality.
They joined up with a group know as theHasmoneans and proceeded to conduct a rebellion against the Greek. After gainingreligious freedom, they then separated from their new partners, and formed thebreakaway party, known today as the Pharisees (meaning the separated’). Theyhad extreme power in the synagogue, and eventually turned it into the center ofthe Jewish faith. This didn’t last forever, as it was finally replaced by thetemple, erected by David. Saducees The Sadducees (Sons of Zadok) seemed to be a group ofaristocraticpriestly families, that were powerful within the High Priesthood. They held amonopoly over all the High Priesthood positions and were also powerful in theSanhedrin.
They came across as being a very selfish group that retained theirrights and traditions, and also trying to stay on the good side of the RomanEmpire. Unlike the Pharisees, they were rigid and closed in sect, and not opento change. When the Romans destroyed the temple, they disappeared and were neverheard from again. Zealots The Zealots were a group of radical extremists, that were the cause ofmany uprisings throughout their history, and eventually they lead a revoltagainst the Romans in 66-73 AD. To stop this, the Roman Emperor destroyed thethird temple, which lead to the end of the uprising.
This not only lead to theirdownfall, but that of the Jews when they were crushed by Emperor Titus in 73 AD. Qumrans/Essenes They were an important Jewish group in the community around thetime of Jesus. Although it wasn’t until 150 BC until they emerged, they livedtheir lives according to a strict set of beliefs and rules. To join the group athree year probationary period was imposed to new comers. Members were bound tokeep secret the doctrines and practices. Its is believed that John the Baptistwas and Essene, and had high connections to their community.
The discovery ofthe Dead Sea Scrolls has shed a lot more light on the practices of the Essenes. These discoveries have proved that some Christian qualities and beliefs are anexact copy of that of the Qumrans/Essenes. Samaritans Samaritans originated from the area located between Judea and Galilee,when the Assyrian settlers intermarried with the Jews that lived there. Thepopulation created followed all the laws of Torah in their own special way, andconsidered themselves to be Jewish. The normal Jews did not accept this, asintermarriage between Jews and Gentiles was forbidden. Throughout the bible, ithas been documented that the Samaritans and the Jews were at each other throats,constantly.
Analysis of major philosophical ideas of the timePlatonism Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher who taught in the periodbetween 427 and 347 BC. He reasoned that the senses can’t be trusted, .
