Henry Bessemer
This man revolutionized the way to manufacture steel by making the process quicker and more efficient
Alfred Nobel
invented dynamite, felt bad that it was being used for bad; he invented the Nobel Peace Prize for peace workers
Michael Faraday
created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo
Dynamo
a machine used to generate electricity
Thomas Edision
invented the photograph, transmittter, safe electric lightbulb picture camera and projector. Most well known for his organized research and established a buisness that managed them
Interchangeable Parts
identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing
Assembly Line
production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks
Orville and Wilbur Wright
These brothers were bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio who built and flew the first plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903.
Guglielmo Marconi
Italian electrical engineer known as the father of radio
Stock
shares in a company
Corporation
business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment
Cartel
a group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product
Germ Theory
the theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microbes
Louis Pasteur
French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization
Robert Koch
This was the first man to isolate a bacterium and a virus and as a result h could create new vaccines for the disease
Florence Nightingale
British nurse whose emphasis on cleanliness and training for nurses revolutionized health care.
Joseph Lister
English surgeon, taught doctors the importance of washing hands before operating
Urban Renewal
the process of fixing up the poor areas of a city
Mutual-aid Society
self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers
Standard of Living
measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society
Cult of Domesticity
idealization of women and the home
Temperance Movement
campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Co-founded the 1848 Women’s Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, New York
Women’s Suffrage
right of women to vote
Sorjourner Truth
former slave and abolitionist who spoke in favor of abolition and women’s rights?
John Dalton
English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
Racism
belief that one racial group is superior to another
Social Gospel
movement of the 1800s that urged Christians to do social service
William Wordsworth
a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life
William Blake
romantic poet who called early factories “satanic mills” and protested against life of the poor
Romanticism
nineteenth-century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Lord Byron
British romantic poet; wrote Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, in which he dramatizes himself as a romantic hero; died in Greece fighting Ottomans
Victor Hugo
lead french romantics, work reflected the romantic fasination with history and the individual
Ludwig Van Beethoven
This pianist was considered the master of Romanticism music
Realism
nineteenth-century artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is
Charles Dickens
English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice
Gustave Courbet
most famous member of realist school. Painted only things that he saw. Phrase “realism” was coined in reaction to one of his paintings. All of his works represented everyday life.
Louis Daguerre
improved on earlier technologies to produce successful photographs
Impressionism
school of painting of the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to capture fleeting visual impressions
Claude Monet
a French painter who used a impressionism called “super-realism,” capture overall impression of the thing they were painting
Vincent Van Gogh
dutch post impressionist artist. painted “the starry night” 1889. mentally ill in later life. cut off his own ear. influential in the world of painting, very famous
