Correct the seasoning, adding more salt or molasses to taste. . Transfer the sauce to a clean bottle, You can use it right away, but the flavor will improve it you let it age for a few days. Volcanic Hot Sauce will keep almost indefinitely, refrigerated or at room temperature. Just give it a good shake before using. As you can see, this ‘algorithm’ is a really a recipe, that is, a setoffs step- by-step instructions that takes raw ingredients and produces a tasty result, In general, an algorithm can be described as a procedure to solve a problem.
In the context of computer programming, an algorithm, is defined as a: well-ordered collection Of unambiguous and effectively computable operations, that even executed, produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time. ” 1 Characteristics of an Algorithm Well-ordered: the steps are in a clear order Unambiguous: the operations described are understood by a computing agent without further simplification Effectively computable: the computing agent can actually carry out the operation Method for Developing an Algorithm I _ Define the problem: State the problem you are trying to solve in clear and concise terms. List the inputs (information needed to solve the problem) and the outputs (What the algorithm Will produce as a result) 3. Describe the steps needed to convert or manipulate the inputs to produce the outputs. Start at a high level first, and keep refining the steps until they are effectively computable operations. 4. Test the algorithm: choose data sets and verify that your algorithm works! Definition from: An Invitation to Computer Science (Cresting/Schneider) via http://YMMV. CSS. Xx. Discredits,’off/sects 1 ‘Over dads/Weatherproofing . HTML visited 19JLJN2009) BC Farman I ME 30 Computer Applications I Algorithms, Pseudopodia, and Flowcharts. Doc 21JAN2010 Page I of 6 Structured Programming In 1 966, computer scientists Corridor B¶hem and Giuseppe Jacobin demonstrated that all programs could be written using three control structures: Sequence, Selection, and Repetition 2 The sequence structure is the construct where one statement is executed after another The selection structure is the construct where statements can executed or skipped depending on whether a condition evaluates to TRUE or FALSE There are three selection structures in C: . 5 – ELSE 3. SWITCH The repetition structure is the construct where statements can be executed repeatedly until a condition evaluates to TRUE or FALSE There are three repetition structures in C: 1. WHILE 2. DO – WHILE 3. FOR Pseudopodia (or Program Design Language) Consists of natural language-like statements that precisely describe the steps of an algorithm or program Statements describe actions 3 Focuses on the logic of the algorithm or program Avoids language-specific elements Written at a level so that the desired programming code can be generated almost automatically from each statement Steps are numbered.
Subordinate numbers and/or indentation are used for dependent statements in selection and repetition structures Corridor; B. And Jacobin, G. (May 1966). “Flow Diagrams, Turing Machines and Languages with Only Two Formation Rules”. Communications of the ACM 9 (5): 366-371, 3 Some programmers also include data declarations in their pseudopodia, think this is a good idea, because it helps you keep track of the variables that you will need in the algorithm and can help you think through what data types are deed.
Some programmers will add an ending ‘Kiev,word’ on a separate line to make it explicit where 3 selection or repetition Structure ends, for example: ENDING, INDWELL, etc. On the one hand, this is good because it makes clear where the selection or repetition block ends, but on the other hand it adds to the length of the pseudopodia, and such statements will not translate’ into an actual line of code in C. In a language like Pascal however, they will. ] Farman I ME 30 Computer Applications I Algorithms, Pseudopodia, and Flowcharts-doc 21JAN2010 page 2 of 6 Pseudopodia Language Constructs S Come meet Compute vary as the sum of x and y Assign expression to vary Increment counter 1 Input/output Input: Get vary, vary, Output: Display vary, vary, . Selection Single-selection IF l. Condition THEN (IF condition is true, then do subordinate statement l, etc. If condition is false, then skip statements) 1. 1 statement I 1. 2 etc. Double-Selection 2.
IF condition THEN (IF condition is true, then do subordinate statement 1, etc. If condition is false, then skip statements and execute statements under ELSE) statement 1 2. 2 etc. 3. ELSE (else if condition is not true, then do subordinate statement 2, etc 3. 1 Statement 2 3. 2 statement 3 4. SWITCH expression OF 4. 1 case 1: actions 4. 2 case 2: actions 4. 3 etc. 4. 4 default: actions Repetition 5. WHILE condition (while condition is true, then do subordinate statements) 5. 1 statement I 5. 2 etc.
DO – WHILE structure (like WHILE, but tests condition at the end of the loop. Thus, statements in the Structure Will always be executed at least once. ) 6. DO 6. 1 statement 1 6. 2 etc. 7. WHILE condition See “Pseudopodia Standard” at typesetters. SC. Calmly. Du/?jadedly/SEE/PDP_SST . HTML for more examples. BC Farman I ME 30 Computer Applications I Algorithms, Pseudopodia, and Flowcharts_doc 21JAN2010 Page 3 of 6 POOR structure (a specialized version Of WHILE for repeating execution Of statements a specific number of times) 8.
FOR bounds on repetition 8. 1 statement 1 8. 2 etc. Pseudopodia Example Express an algorithm to get two numbers from the user (dividend and divisor), testing to make sure that the divisor number is not zero, and displaying their quotient using pseudopodia Declare variables: dividend, divisor, quotient Prompt user to enter dividend and divisor Get dividend and divisor divisor is equal to zero, THEN 4. 1. DO 4. 1. I. Display error message, “divisor must be Nan-zero” 4. 1. 2. Prompt user to enter divisor Get divisor 4. 2.
WHILE divisor is equal to zero ENDING Display dividend and divisor Calculate quotient as dividend/divisor Display quotient Flowcharts A graphical tool that diagrammatically depicts the Steps and Structure Of an algorithm or program Symbols 6 , 7 (the most commonly used ones) Symbol Name/Meaning Meaning Process – Any type of internal operation: data transformation, data event, logic operation, etc, Connector – connects sections of the flowchart, so that the diagram can maintain a smooth, linear flow Input/Output ? input or output of data Terminal – indicates start or end of the program or algorithm Decision – evaluates a condition or statement and branches depending on whether the evaluation is true or false Flow lines – arrows that indicate the direction of the progression of the program For a comprehensive tutorial on flowcharting, see: Chapin, N. (1970).
