General term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and Machinesto increase their control and understanding of the material environment. TheTerm is derived from the Greek words tekhne, which refers to an art or craft,and logia, Meaning an area of study; thus, technology means, literally, thestudy, or science, of Crafting. As technology evolves, scientist and historianssay that technology grows at A geometric rate without respect to geographicallimits or political systems. These Innovations tend to transform traditionalcultural systems, frequently with unexpected Social consequences.
Thustechnology can be conceived as both a creative and a Destructive process. Technology Has been evolving with us since the beginning of the Prehistoric age,from the simplest off tools of the cave men to the now present future. Electronic fiber optic cables and the computerized artificial intelligence. Technology is Very important in our society, with out it we would not be able tosurvive in our ever Changing society. Imagine is someone didn’t inventtransportation. We would have not Discovered the other continents.
Or not havingthe technology to cope with our ever Growing population. We would have run outof enough supply of food to feed ourselves. How about if cave men didn’tdiscover fire? We would have not survive even just for a Day. All these thingswe owe to technology, so we must harness what it has to offer And furtherimprove our society.
Inventions That Have Changed Our Lives: Telephone: In thefield of communication one of the most famous and useful invention In our modernsociety is the telephone. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, he has Made ourlife so much easier and more productive. Saying that he has made an impact Tosociety would be an understatement. These telephones transmit electronic pulsesThat would then be converted to sound that is comprehendible to us humans, butThese telephones are big and bulky and they need wires to transmit these pulses. Then Came the invention called A cellular telephone that designed to give theuser maximum Freedom of movement while using a telephone.
A cellular telephoneuses radio signals To communicate between the set and an antenna. The servedarea is divided into cells something like a honeycomb, and an antenna is placedwithin each cell and connected by telephone lines to one exchange devoted tocellular telephone calls. This exchange connects cellular telephones to oneanother or transfers the call to a regular exchange if the call is between acellular telephone and a noncellular telephone. The special cellular exchange,through computer control, selects the antenna closest to the telephone whenservice is requested. As the telephone roams, the exchange automaticallydetermines when to change the serving cell based on the power of the radiosignal received simultaneously at adjacent sites.
This change occurs withoutinterrupting conversation. Practical power considerations limit the distancebetween the telephone and the nearest cellular antenna, and since cellularphones use radio signals, it is very easy for unauthorized people to accesscommunications carried out over cellular phones. Currently, digital cellularphones are gaining in popularity because the radio signals are harder tointercept and decode. Also the fast growing popular video phones that work likea normal telephone but includes the ability to transmit videos through the useof a small camera. although these video phones are not yet popular in ourpresent society. they will soon be in every home in the world.
Pagers: not allinventions that where once practical remain practical. one example are theinvention of pagers. although these pagers are still currently used in oursociety they in my own opinion have out lived there use. these pagers where usedduring the early 90s for the reason that they are more reliable, less expensiveand more portable than a cellphone.
but now cellphones are cheaper and come insizes that are almost as small as a pager. so these pagers have out lived thereuse and are now impractical to use in some countries. but in the Philippines wehave still retained it for they are “free” compared to a cellphone. Satellite Band Radio (SBR) Satellite Band Radios are virtually unheard off inour country. these radios are like normal radios but use satellites to transmitthere information instead of the normal analog radio waves used. the use ofthese satellite radios give us better variety in the programs we listen to.
andwill infact make the change of information faster and easier from country tocountry. for a person will receive same information virtually at same time asother radios abroad. Internet: internet is a term used for the interconnectionof computer networks that enables connected machines to communicate directly andtransmit data to any place in the world. in this part of the paper i will talkabout the communication possibilities of the internet. First is the E-mail theE-mail is one of the first applications used in the internet. an E-mail is likesending a regular mail to someone, but instead of waiting a long time for theperson to receive the mail, a person can get it in less than a second.
and thencan reply to you just as fast. it works buy sending data to lots ofinterconnected computers to a server that then sends it over to the person themail is address to in less than a second. another program is the ICQ. The ICQbasically works just like a pager.
but with so much more, you can exchangefiles, chat, play games and so on. also there is the IRC or Internet chat. theseprograms are just like the two programs but it is done in real time and theamount of people you can talk to at a time is almost endless. Television: Thetelevision is one invention that is certainly very much used today. A Televisionhas a variety of applications in society, business, and science.
The most commonuse of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers intheir homes. Security personnel also use televisions to monitor buildings,manufacturing plants, and numerous public facilities. Public utility employeesuse television to monitor the condition of an underground sewer line, using acamera attached to a robot arm or remote-control vehicle. Doctors can probe theinterior of a human body with a microscopic television camera without having toconduct major surgery on the patient.
Educators use television to reach studentsthroughout the world. there are basically two forms of television used todaythey are the satellite and the cable television. the satellite t. v. transmitschannels through the use of satellites. while a cable t.
v. uses cables to sendchannels. although these are also sent through satellites to a cable operatorand then digested through cables to our t. v.
soon television will be intertwinedwith the net. you can surf and watch television at same time using a cable or asatellite. the new televisions that are being sold to the market are now lacedwith new features like PnP and automatic adjusting color t. v. s that change withits surroundings. Computers: People use computers in a wide variety of ways.
Inbusiness, computers track inventories with bar codes and scanners, check thecredit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically. In homes, tinycomputers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control theindoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turnvideocassette recorders on and off. Computers in automobiles regulate the flowof fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers also entertain, creatingdigitized sound on stereo systems or computer-animated features from a digitallyencoded laser disc.
also the use of the internet with virtually infinitepossibilities through the use of interconnected computers. Computer programs, orapplications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teachsimple addition or sentence construction to advanced calculus. Educators usecomputers to track grades and prepare notes; with computer-controlled projectionunits, they can add graphics, sound, and animation to their lectures. Computersare used extensively in scientific research to solve mathematical problems,display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical tobuild, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of spaceshuttles. The military employs computers in sophisticated communications toencode and unscramble messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies. Medical Drugs: The use of immunization to prevent disease predated the knowledgeof both infection and immunology.
In China in approximately 600 BC, smallpoxmaterial was inoculated through the nostrils. Inoculation of healthy people witha tiny amount of material from smallpox sores was first attempted in England in1718 and later in America. Those who survived the inoculation became immune tosmallpox. American statesman Thomas Jefferson traveled from his home in Virginiato Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to undergo this risky procedure. A significantbreakthrough came in 1796 when British physician Edward Jenner discovered thathe could immunize patients against smallpox by inoculating them with materialfrom cowpox sores.
Cowpox is a far milder disease that, unlike smallpox, carrieslittle risk of death or disfigurement. Jenner inserted matter from cowpox soresinto cuts he made on the arm of a healthy eight- year-old boy. The boy caughtcowpox. However, when Jenner exposed the boy to smallpox eight weeks later, thechild did not contract the disease. The vaccination with cowpox had made himimmune to the smallpox virus.
Today we know that the cowpox virus antigens areso similar to those of the smallpox virus that they trigger the body’s defensesagainst both diseases. In 1885, Louis Pasteur created the first successfulvaccine against rabies for a young boy who had been bitten 14 times by a rabiddog. Over the course of ten days, Pasteur injected progressively more virulentrabies organisms into the boy, causing the boy to develop immunity in time toavert death from this disease. Another major milestone in the use of vaccinationto prevent disease occurred with the efforts of two Americanphysician-researchers. In 1954 Jonas Salk introduced an injectable vaccinecontaining an inactivated virus to counter the epidemic of poliomyelitis. Subsequently, Albert Sabin made great strides in the fight against thisparalyzing disease by developing an oral vaccine containing a live weakenedvirus.
Since the introduction of the Sabin vaccine in 1961, polio has beennearly eliminated in many parts of the world. As more vaccines are developed, anew generation of combined vaccines are becoming available that will allowphysicians to administer a single shot for multiple diseases. Work is also underway to develop additional orally administered vaccines and vaccines for sexuallytransmitted diseases. Possible future vaccines may include, for example, onethat would temporarily prevent pregnancy.
Such a vaccine would still operate bystimulating the immune system to recognize and attack antigens, but in this casethe antigens would be those of the hormones that are necessary for pregnancy. The German chemist Felix Hoffman synthesized the acetyl derivative of salicylicacid also called aspirin in 1893 in response to the urging of his father, whotook salicylic acid for rheumatism. Aspirin is currently the first-choice drugfor fever, mild to moderate pain, and inflammation due to arthritis or injury. Of the few anesthetic agents known to the ancients, opium and hemp were the mostimportant. Both were taken by ingestion or by burning the drug and inhaling thesmoke.
Nitrous oxide, discovered by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy about1800, was first used as an anesthetic in 1844 by the American dentist HoraceWells. In 1842 the American surgeon Crawford Long successfully used ethyl etheras a general anesthetic during surgery. He failed to publish his findings,however, and credit for the discovery of the anesthetic properties of ether wasgiven to the American dentist William Morton, who in 1846 publicly demonstratedits use during a tooth extraction. In 1847 the British physician Sir JamesSimpson discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform.
Many other generalanesthetics have since been discovered. without these medicines it would be hardfor us to cope with the deseases that come our way. Radioactive Therapy andDiagnosis: (Radiology) Radiology had its origin in the discovery of X rays bythe German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen was awarded thefirst Nobel Prize in physics for his work. Medical images have subsequently beenproduced by means of other forms of radiant energy.
Thus, ultrahigh-frequencysound waves may be so used and in the technique called magnetic resonanceimaging, the images are obtained by recording the difference in relaxation timeof tissue nuclei in an electromagnetic field. For this reason the term medicalimaging has been proposed as more accurate than the traditional term diagnosticradiology. Therapeutic radiology, also referred to as radiation oncology, has asits principal basis the use of ionizing radiation. Increasingly common, however,is the use in conjunction with radiation therapy of other forms of treatment,such as hyperthermia. all these radioactive procedures are same they just varyin the intensity of radiation they use.
chemoteraphy for example is letting thepatient be bombarded with radiation to treat cancerus cells that have invaded apersons body. the CT scaner and the MRI scaner are both machines use to diagnosepeople to find out whats wrong with there body. for some deseases can’t bedetected by just looking at a persons physical aspect. these desises areinternal and must be diagnosed and trated with radiation for them to be seen.
Weapons and Defense: Handguns, or pistols, as they are also known, were notpopular until after the development of the wheel lock, the first practicalmechanical ignition device, in the first half of the 16th century. Most earlyhandguns were too cumbersome to be carried in a holster by anyone on foot, andthe short barrels limited their accuracy and the distance they could propelbullets. As a result, handguns were primarily used by cavalry troops in whatamounted to hit-and-run tactics. As ignition systems were improved, it becamepossible to reduce the overall size and weight of handguns, until during the18th century they became equally popular for use by foot soldiers. From the lasthalf of the 17th century to the first quarter of the 19th century, most Europeanand United States military handguns had flintlock. and barrels 23 to 30 cm.
inlength; smaller pocket handguns were also made for civilian use. No significantimprovements were made, however, until after 1836, when the American inventorSamuel Colt patented a revolver design combining the metal percussion cap,interchangeable mass-produced parts, and the revolving cylinder, which rotatedand locked automatically when the hammer was cocked. Improvements in ammunitionwere introduced with the development of the self-primed metallic cartridge inthe mid-19th century. Minor improvements in revolver design continued until thebeginning of the 20th century, when emphasis in development was redirected tothe magazine-loaded semiautomatic handgun. Since then, the semiautomatic hassteadily gained in popularity and is now the primary military handgun of theworld. It is gradually replacing the revolver for police use.
Modernsemiautomatic handguns carry two or three times more ammunition than revolversand are faster to reload. Their flat configuration generally makes them easierto conceal. Even with the increased ammunition capacity, using newly developedlightweight materials makes their loaded weight about the same as that of olderdesigns. Proponents of revolvers claim greater accuracy, reliability, andsafety, however, so it is unlikely that semiautomatics will totally replacerevolvers. In fact, muzzle-loading pistols and revolvers continue to be used forsport and specialized worldwide competition. also bombs are used in todays worldto protect nations from invading ones.
and thus came the invention In the early1970s new types of conventional bombs, the so-called smart or guided bombs, weredeveloped for precision bombing in Vietnam. Maneuverable bombs guided by a laserbeam directed from the aircraft and reflected from the target can destroy suchtargets as tanks or emplacements on contact. Other types can be designed toguide themselves to targets radiating heat, such as power plants, or can beguided to the target from the delivery aircraft. In the latter case the bombtransmits a picture of the target picked up by an on-board television camera. Remote operating devices can then guide the bomb into direct contact with abridge, for example, or other objective. Laser-guided bombs can be used atnight; television-camera guided weapons are limited to daylight use, however.
and The A-bomb was developed, constructed, and tested by the Manhattan Project,a massive United States enterprise that was established in August 1942, duringWorld War II. Many prominent American scientists including the physicists EnricoFermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and the chemist Harold Urey, were associatedwith the project, which was headed by a U. S. Army engineer, Major General LeslieGroves.
these forms of weaponry may be destructive in most cases but they doplay a vital role in protecting ones self in the society we live in. Theadvantages and disadvantages of technology: Technology plays a vital role in oursociety. without it we can’t evolve and cope up with the ever changing world welive in. some of its advantages are the increase in efficiency and productivityof how we do and manage things. we can do things twice as fast and twice moreefficient than we did a century ago.
and this makes up for the growingpopulation of the world, so that everyone may have enough to support themselvesand satisfy there needs. Technology gives us larger possibilities by giving usideas that we haven’t thought about in the past. we can do more things nowthat technology has helped us evolve. it further enhances our perspective in thethings we do.
and makes simpler solutions in the problems we face everyday. italso gives us easier accessibility and mobility. it makes production movefaster. communication more efficient and cost worthy.
we can now get informationalmost anywhere and with these information we get, we use them in our dailylives. but not everything that technology has to offer is good. for everyadvantages technology gives us it also comes with a subsequent disadvantages. some of them are the complexities of society. not everyone can cope with theadvancements of technology. these people can get left behind.
everything becomesmore complicated and what is expected of us also grows. life was more simple inthe old days. but due to technology everything has become more complex. anotheris the increase of indolence in our society. since everything has become moreaccessible and more convenient people tend to log off and become lazy. this is avery big problem to us.
it decreases our morality and soon we will be soengulfed in it we cant get out from its grip. with better solutions and easierwork load comes the over dependence of people to technology. the tend not tothink for them selves anymore and let technology take over there lives. this isbad for its makes us the slaves of technology instead of us controlling themthey are the ones that control us. technology is important in every society.
butif we insist on using and depending on it a lot it can also destroy us. so wemust think for ourselves if it is worth it and use it as we see fit.
