Present TenseThe following section will be the present you are implying that the action is occurring at the present time. For example: Joseph reads the book. The reads in the sentence shows that Joseph is in the process of reading the book.
Regular AR Infinitives acabar (de) to come afteracompaar to accompanyadmirar to admireayudar to helpbailar to dancebajar to go downbrillar to shinebuscar to look forcaminar to walkcantar to singcenar to have supperchupar to suckcocinar to cookcolabarar to collaboratecoleccionar to collectcomenzar to startcomprar to buyconservar to conservecontestar to answerdar to givedejar to leavedescansar to restdibujar to drawdoblar to turnensear to teachentrar to enterescuchar to listenesquiar to skiestudiar to studyevitar to avoidexplicar to explainfascinar to fascinateformar to farmganar to wingustar to likehablar to speakinteresar to interestlavar to washlimpiar to cleanllegar to arrivellevar to takemirar to look atneccisitar to needobservar to observeolividar to forgetpagar to pay forparticipar to participatepasar to spend timepatinar to skatepesear to wishpracticar to practicepreguntar to askpreparar to prepareprestar to lendprogramar to programquedar to be locatedregresar to spend moneyrenunciar to renouncerespetar to respectsacar to take outtomar to taketrabajar to workviajar to travelvisitar to visitCanta muy bien. She sings very well. Hablo espaol, I speak Spansh. Poder ayundo tu? Can I help you?Te viajar? Do you travel?viajar – to travel cantar – to sing ayudar – to help hablar – to speakviajo viajamos canto cantamos ayudo ayudamos hablo hablamosviajas — cantas — ayudas — hablas —viaja viajan canta cantan ayuda ayudan habla habla hablanRegular AR’s are the most common of all verbs, to use them, remove the ar ending and insert the appropriate ending on the chart: o for i ___, as for you ___, a for he/she ___, amos for we ___, an for they ___. You can also use the following chart for the respective endings.
Singlar Pluralo amos 1st Personas — 2nd Persona an 3rd PersonIrregular AR’s dar to giveestar to beDa el perro Mike. He gives the dog to Mike. Yo quiero a estar un abogado. I want to be a lawyer o for singularElla est mi amiga. She is my friend. Yo doy t este carro.
I give you this car. estar – to be dar – to giveestoy estamos doy damosestas — das —esta estan da danIrregular AR’s truly have no rule, to use them you must learn the specific way each is conjugated. See the conjugations above. AR Stem-Changers (e – ie)cerrar to closeempezar to beginnevar to showpensar to think (about)recomendar to reccomendPieso el dinero. I am thinking about the money.
Cierra el libro. He closes the book. Ellos empiezan a leer. They begin to read. Yo recomiendo el pollo. I recommend the chicken.
pensar – to think cerrar – to close nevar – to show empezar – to beginpieso pensamos cierro cerramos nievo nevamos empiezo empezamospiesas — cierras — nievas — empiezas —piesa piensan cierra cierran nieva nievan empieza empiezanThe AR stem-changers (e – ie) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the ar ending) to an ie, then you remove the ar ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an ie, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(e – ie) o (e – e) amos 1st Person(e – ie) as — — 2nd Person(e – ie) a (e – ie) an 3rd PersonAR Stem-Changers (o – ue)almorzar to have lunchcostar to costencontrar to findrecordar to remembervolar to showjugar* to play* jugar is a unique verb, it is treated as the o – ue verbs are, but with a u – ue. Muestras mi tu trabajar.
Show me your work. Cuesta muchos dinero. It costs much money. Juego el partido.
I play the game. Encuentran un amigo. They find a friend. mostrar – to show costar – to cost volar – to show jugar* – to playmuestro mostramos cuesto costamos vuelo volamos juego jugamosmuestras — cuestas — vuelas — juegas —muestra muestran cuesta cuestan vuela vuelan juega jueganThe AR stem-changers (o – ue) are a type of verb.
To conjugate them you simply change the last o in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the ar ending) to an ue, then you remove the ar ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the o to a ue, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(o – ue) o (o – o) amos 1st Person(o – ue) as — — 2nd Person(o – ue) a (o – ue) an 3rd PersonReflexive AR’sacercarse to approachacostarse to go to bedafeitarse to shavecallarse to be quietcepillarse to brushdarse cuenta to realizedarse la mano to shake handsdedicarse to devote oneself todesayunarse to eat breakfastdespertarse to wake upencargarse to take chargelastimarse to hurt oneselflavarse to wash oneselflevantarse to get upllamarse to be namedmaquillarse to put on makeuppienarse to combpreparse to prepare oneselfquedarse to stayquejarse to complainrefrescarse to cool offsentarse to to sit downservirse to prepare for oneselfYo me lavo las manos. I wash my handsYo me cepillarse los dientas.
I brush my teeth. Ellas se miran. They look at each other. Yo me lavo.
I wash myself. lavarse – to wash (oneself) prepararse – to prepare (oneself)me lavo nos lavamos me preparo nos preparamoste lavas — te preparas —se lava se lavan se prepara se preparamoslevantarse – to get up afeitarse – to shaveme levanto nos levantamos me afeito nos afeitamoste levantas — te afeitas —se levanta se levantan se afeita se afeitanReflexive verbs reflect the action of the subject back to the subject. For example a person brushes his hair, or a person shaves himself. These reflexive verbs are conjugated the same way as their non-reflexive counterparts except that to show that the action reflects you must place me, te, se, nos, or se depending upon who is the action is being done to.
Reflexive verbs can also be used to express an action in which two or more people do the action to each other, for example, Ellas se miran, or they look at each other. Regular ER Infinitivesaprender to learnbeber to drinkcomer to eatcomprender to understandcorrer to runcreer to thinkdeber to have toleer to readprometer to promiseresponder to answervender to sellcomer – to eat vender – to sellcomo momemos vendo vendemoscomes — vendes —come comen vende vendenleer – to read aprender – to learnleo lemos aprendo aprendemoslees — aprendes —Me gusta nadar. I like to swim. El lee. He is reading.
Yo debo ir. I have to go. Janet corre. Janet runs.
Regular ER’s are very common verbs, to use them, remove the er ending and insert the appropriate ending on the chart: o for i ___, es for you ___, e for he/she ___, emos for we ___, en for they ___. You can also use the following chart for the respective endings. Singlar Pluralo emos 1st Persones — 2nd Persone en 3rd PersonIrregular ER’s (oddballs)ser to betener to haveSoy inteligente. I am Intelligent.
Tu eres estupido. You are stupid. Yo tengo un libro. I have a book. Ellos tienen dinero. They have some money.
ser – to be tener – to havesoy somos tengo tenemoseres — tienes —es son tiene tienenIrregular ER’s (oddballs) really have no pattern at all, each one is different. And each one you must learn on your own. Irregular ER’s (First Person)conocer to knowdesaparecer to disappearhacer to do, makeparecer to seemponer to put, place, setsaber to knowtraer to bringver to seeYo conozco esa. I know that.
Pones la mesa. Set the table. Lo veo. I see it. Nosotros traemos dinero.
We bring money. conocer – to know hacer – to do, makeconozco conocemos hago hacemosconoces — haces —conoce conocen hace hacenponer – to put, place, set saber – to knowpongo ponemos s sabemospones — sabes —pone ponen sabe sabentraer – to bring ver – to seetraigo traemos veo vemostraes — ves —trae traen ve venIrregular ER’s (First Person) follow the same rule regular ers except that the first person singular is changed. You must find the way that each is changed. ER Stem Changers (e – ie)perder to loseentender to understandquerer to wantencender to turn on, light updefender to defendYo pierdo mi cabeza.
I am losing my head. El pierde el partido. He is losing the game. Entiendo el mathematico.
I understand the math. El entiende la palabra. He understands the word. perder – to lose entender – to understandpierdo perdemos entiendo entendemospierdes — entiendes —pierde pierden entiende entiendenquerer – to want encender – to turn on, light upquiero queremos enciendo encendemosquieres — enciendes —quiere quieren enciende enciendenThe ER stem-changers (e – ie) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the er ending) to an ie, then you remove the er ending and add the appropriate ending.
However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an ie, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(e – ie) o (e – e) emos 1st Person(e – ie) es — — 2nd Person(e – ie) e (e – ie) en 3rd PersonER Stem changers (o – ue)poder to be ablevolver to returnmover to movemorder to biteYo puedo cantar muy bien. I can sing very well. Ella vuelve aqui. She is returning here.
No mueves. Your not moving. Los lobos muerden. The wolves bite. poder – to be able volver – to returnpuedo podemos vuelvo volvemospuedes — vuelves —puede pueden vuelve vuelvenmover – to move morder – to bitemuevo movemos muerdo mordemosmueves — muerdes —mueve mueven muerde muerdenThe ER stem-changers (o – ue) are a type of verb.
To conjugate them you simply change the last o in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the er ending) to an ue, then you remove the er ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the o to a ue, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(o – ue) o (o – o) amos 1st Person(o – ue) as — — 2nd Person(o – ue) a (o – ue) an 3rd PersonReflexive ER’shacerse to becomeponerse to put onromperse to breaktorcerse to twistMe rompo la pierna.
I am breaking my leg. El se haces un doctor. He is becoming a doctor. Yo me pongo un calcetin.
I am putting on a sock. Ella se torce el tobillo. She twists her ankle. romperse – to break hacerse – to become me rompo nos rompemos me hago nos hacemoste rompes — te haces —se rompe se rompen se hace hacenponerse – to put on torcerse – to twistme pongo nos ponemos me torco nos torcemoste pones — te torces —se pone se ponen se torce se torcenReflexive verbs reflect the action of the subject back to the subject. For example a person brushes his hair, or a person shaves himself. These reflexive verbs are conjugated the same way as their non-reflexive counterparts except that to show that the action reflects you must place me, te, se, nos, or se depending upon who is the action is being done to.
Reflexive verbs can also be used to express an action in which two or more people do the action to each other, for example, Ellas se miran, or they look at each other. Regular IR’sabrir to openasistir to attenddecidir to decidedecidir to decideescribir to writeexigir to demandexistir to existrecibir to recievevivir to liveYo escribo. I am writing it. Lo abres. He opens it.
Ella escribe. She is writing. El abre el libro. He opens the book. recibir – to receive escribir – to writerecibo recibimos escribo escribimosrecibes — escribes —recibe reciben escribe escribendecidir – to decide abrir – to opendecido decidimos abro abrimosdecides — abres —decide deciden abre abrenRegular IR’s are somewhat common verbs, to use them, remove the ir ending and insert the appropriate ending on the chart: o for i ___, es for you ___, e for he/she ___, imos for we ___, en for they ___. You can also use the following chart for the respective endings.
Singlar Pluralo emos 1st Persones — 2nd Persone en 3rd PersonIrregular IR’s (Oddballs)decir to say, tellir to goor to hearvenir to comeYo digo t. I am telling you. Lo oyes. He hears it. Yo vengo. I am coming.
Vamos. We are going. decir – to say, tell ir – to godigo decimos voy vamosdices — vas —dice dicen va vanor – to hear venir – to comeoigo omos vengo venimesoyes — vienes —oye oyen viene vienenIrregular IR’s (oddballs) really have no pattern at all, each one is different. And each one you must learn on your own. Irregular IR’s (First Person)conducir to drivesalir to gotraducir to translateYo conduzco un carro. I am driving a carEl conduce el autobus.
He is driving the bus. Yo salgo. I am going out. Nosotros salimos. We are going out.
conducir – to drive salir – to go out traducir – to translateconduzco conducimos salgo salimos traduzco traducimosconduces — sales — traduces —conduce conducen sale salen traduce traducenIrregular IR’s (First Person) follow the same rule regular irs except that the first person singular is changed. You must find the way that each is changed. Singular Plural(none) imos 1st Persones — 2nd Persone en 3rd PersonIR Stem Changers (e – ie)preferir to prefersentir to be sorrymentir to lieT mientes. You are lyingPrefiero esa. I prefer that.
Lo siento. I am sorry. T sientes? Are you sorry?preferir – to prefer sentir – to be sorryprefiero preferimos siento sentimosprefieres — sientes —prefiere prefieren siente sientenmentir – to liemiento mentimosmientes —miente mientenThe IR stem-changers (e – ie) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the ir ending) to an ie, then you remove the ir ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an ie, you leave the stem as it is before changing.
You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(e – ie) o (e – e) imos 1st Person(e – ie) es — — 2nd Person(e – ie) e (e – ie) en 3rd PersonIR Stem Changers (e – i)pedir to orderrepetir to repeatservir to servePide arroz con pollo. He orders chicken with rice. Ellos sirven la comida.
They are serving the food. Repites la pregunta, por favor. Repeat the question please. Sirves nosotros? Are you serving us?pedir – to order servir – to servepido pedimos sirvo servimospides — sirves —pide piden sirve sirvenrepetir – to repeatrepito repitimosrepites —repite repitenThe IR stem-changers (e – i) are a type of verb.
To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the ir ending) to an i, then you remove the ir ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an i, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(e – i) o (e – e) imos 1st Person(e – i) es — — 2nd Person(e – i) e (e – i) en 3rd PersonIR Stem Changers (o – ue)dormir to sleepmorir to dieEl duerme.
He is sleeping. Ellos duermen. They are sleeping. Mueres! Your dying!Muero! I am dying!dormir – to sleep morir – to dieduermo dormimos muero morimosduermes — mueres —duerme duermen muere muerenThe IR stem-changers (o – ue) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last o in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the ir ending) to an ue, then you remove the ir ending and add the appropriate ending.
However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the o to a ue, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below. Singlar Plural(o – ue) o (o – o) imos 1st Person(o – ue) es — — 2nd Person(o – ue) e (o – ue) en 3rd PersonReflexive IR’sconvertirse to becomereunirse to get togetherservirse to prepare for oneselfYo me sirvo un pollo. I am preparing myself a chicken. Nos reunimos algun dia. Lets get together someday.
El se converte un hombe. He’s becoming a man. Te sirves el pescado. Your preparing yourself some fish. convertirse – to become reunirse – to get together servirse – to prepare for oneselfme converto nos convertimos me reuno nos reunimos me sirvo nos servimoste convertes — te reunes — te sirves —se converte se converten se reune se reunen se sirve se sirvenReflexive verbs reflect the action of the subject back to the subject. For example a person brushes his hair, or a person shaves himself.
These reflexive verbs are conjugated the same way as their non-reflexive counterparts except that to show that the action reflects you must place me, te, se, nos, or se depending upon who is the action is being done to. Reflexive verbs can also be used to express an action in which two or more people do the action to each other, for example, Ellas se miran, or they look at each other. Imperative Mood (Commands)Words in imperative mood (more commonly known as commands) are something that orders a person or group of persons to take an action. They are similar to other verbs and are taken from the other verbs. They are not conjugated except for singular, or plural commands. Singular command being one that commands only one person, and a plural command commands a group of people.
Reflexive verbs also may be used as commands. There are five irregular commands which do not follow the pattern that is set by the commands before it. Polite CommandsTo congugate a not irregular, polite command. 1. Take the first person congugation of the verb (i.
e. cantar – canto)2. Remove the o from the end of the verb. 3.
If an AR verb add e to the end, if an ER or IR verb, add a to the end. 4. If the command is plural, add an n to the end of the verb. 5. If the command is reflexive add an se to the end of the verb, then place an accent mark over the originally stressed vowel.
6. If the command is negative place a no before the verb7. If both negative and reflexive, move the se before the verb (as a separate word), also, remove the added accent mark. 8. If the original verb ended with a CAR, make the C in the new verb a QU.
9. If the original verb ended with a GAR, make the G in the new verb a GU. 10. If the original verb ended with a ZAR, make the Z in the new verb a C. 11. You may place an usted (for singular) ustedes (for plural) lafter the verb, but it is not necessary.
1. Locate the verb on the chart below, then use the appropriate form of the verb. Verb Singular Plural Meaningdar d den to giveestar est estn to be (temporary)ir vaya vayan to gosaber sepa sepan to knowser sea sean to be (permanent)2. If the command is negative, place a no before the verb.
3. You may place an usted (for singular) ustedes (for plural) lafter the verb, but it is not necessary. Examples:Singular (not negative, non reflexive, not irregular)Cante usted bien. Sing well.
Beba usted la leche. Drink the milk. Singular (negative, non relexive, not irregular)No pase usted a la puerta. Don’t go to the door.
No traiga ustedes los libros. Don’t bring the books. Singular (not negative, relexive, not irregular)Levntese usted a las ocho. Get up at eight o’clock. Si sintese usted cerca de la mesa.
Sit near the table. Singular (negative, relexive, not irregular)No se quite usted los guantes. Don’t take off the gloves. No se lave usted la cara.
Don’t wash your face. Plural (not negative, not reflexive, not irregular)Hagan ustedes la tarea. Do your homework. Estudien ustedes la leccin.
Study your lesson. Plural (negative, non relexive, not irregular)No hagan ustedes el trabajo ahora. Don’t do the work now. No coman ustedes el pan. Don’t eat the bread. Plural (not negative, relexive, not irregular)Acestense ustedes tarde.
Go to bed late. Acstense ustedes en casa. Stay at home. Plural (negative, relexive, not irregular)No se ponanse ustedes los zapatoes. Don’t wear your shoes.
No se acuestan ustedes a las diez. Don’t wake up at six. Mixed (Irregular)D usted el libro a Juan. Give John the book. Estn ustedes all a las dos. Be there at two o’clock.
Vaya usted con ellos. Go with them. Sean ustedes bien por favor. Please be good.
Sepa usted la leccin por maana. Know the lession for tomorrow. Informal CommandsWhenever you give a command to a person that is your friend and you know. You do not need to use the polite version of that command most often an informal command is used.
These have a completely different form than that of the formal commands. Using affirmative familiar commands. When using one of these commands simply follow these steps:1. First select the verb you are going to use. 2.
Take the normal second person conjugate of the verb (i. e. cantar – cantas)3. Remove the s from the end of the verb.
Examples:Toma t caf. Drink coffee. Vive t en Mxico. Live in Mexico. Trae t el dinero.
Bring the moneyOye t la msica. Listen to the music. Canta t ahora. Sing now. Come t la ensalada. Eat the salad.
Escribe t la carta. Write the letter. Empieza a leer. Begin reading.
Vuelve pronto. Come back soon. Da el dinero a Jos. Give the money to Jos.
Using negative familiar commands. 1. First select the verb you are going to use. 2. Take the first person conjugate of that verb.
3. Take the first person congugation of the verb (i. e. cantar – canto)4.
Remove the o from the end of the verb. 5. If an AR verb add e to the end, if an ER or IR verb, then add a to the end. 6. Then place s at the end of the word.
Examples:No mires la televisin esta noche. Don’t watch TV tonight. No aprendas esta leccin. Don’t learn the lesson. No asistas al concierto. Do not attend the concert.
No cier cieres la puerta. Don’t close the door. No envuelvas el paquete. Wrap the packet. No pongas el espejo alli. Don’t put the menu there.
No vengas con cosotros. Don’t come with us. No hagas el favor. Don’t do the favor. No veias al museo con Robert. Don’t go to the museum with Robert.
No contestas a mi pregunta. Don’t answer my question. Irregular Familiar CommandsCertain commands are irregular and do not follow the pattern, refer to the chart for them. Verb Familiar CommandDecir DiHacer HazIr VePoner PonSalir SalSer STener TenVenir VenExamples:Sal de me casa. Leave my house.
Haz el favor de escuchar. Do me the favor of listening. Pon la silla aqui, por favor. Set the chair here, please. Di algo. Say something.
Ven conmigo en seguida. Come with me at once. S bueno. Be good. Ve aqui. Come here.
Ten paciencia. Have patience. Reflexive Informal CommandsFor affirmative reflexive informal commands simply attach te to the end, and add an accent mark above the previously stressed syllable. For negative reflexive informal commands place a te in front of the verb (as a separate word), there is no accent to place. Examples:No te quites los guantes. Don’t take off the gloves.
No te laves la cara. Don’t wash your face. No te ponas el pollo. Don’t fix yourself the chicken. Levnteste a las ocho.
Get up at eight o’clock. Si sinteste cerca de la mesa. Sit near the table. Maquilleste en la cara. Put make up on your face. Preterite (Past) TenseThis section will explain how to use all the previously mentioned verbs in the past tense.
For example if you want to say I drank the milk, instead of I am drinking the milk. Simply follow the new rules for conjugation with the old verbs. Regular AR VerbsMi leccin de piano termin a las ocho ayer. My piano lesson ended at eight yesterday. El invierno pasado nev mucho. Last winter it snowed a lot.
Nosotros admiramos las pinturas en el museo. We admired the pictures in the museum. Quin compr el coche? Who bought the car?prestar – to lend encontrar – to find contestar – to answer pensar – to thinkprest prestamos encontr encontramos contest contestamos pens pensamosprestaste — encontraste — contestaste — pensaste —prest prestaron encontr encontraron contest contestaron pens pensaronThe preterite tense is equivalent to the past tense in English: I ate, she went, we talked, did he work?, we did not speak. .
To form the preterite tense AR’s simply remove the ar at the end and instead add the following ending depending upon the subject of the verb:yo t asteusted, l, ella nosotros amosustedes, ellos, ellas aronRegular ER VerbsBebimos vino anoche. We drank wine last night. Ella no devolvi los libros a la biblioteca. She did not return the books to the library.
Qu vendieron ayer? What did they sell yesterday?Que aprendieron ustedes en la clase? What did you learn in class?romper – to break defender – to defend mover – to move aprender – to learnromp rompimos defend defendimos mov movimos aprend aprendimosrompiste — defendiste — moviste — aprendiste —rompi rompieron defendi defendieron movi movieron aprendi aprendieronThe preterite tense is equivalent to the past tense in English: I ate, she went, we talked, did he work?, we did not speak. . To form the preterite tense ER’s simply remove the er at the end and instead add the following ending depending upon the subject of the verb:yo t isteusted, l, ella inosotros imosustedes, ellos, ellas ieronRegular IR VerbsA qu hora salieron ayer? At what time did they leave yesterday?l dividi el pastel en cuatro partes. He divided the pie into parts. Escribieron una carta anoche. They wrote a letter to their relatives.
Prometiste a traer los aiertas. You promised to bring the tapes. recibir – to recieve escribir – to write describir – to describe abrir – to openrecib recibimos escrib escribimos describ describimos abr abrimosrecibiste — escribiste — describiste — abriste —recibi recibieron escribi escribieron describi describieron abri abrieronThe preterite tense is equivalent to the past tense in English: I ate, she went, we talked, did he work?, we did not speak. . To form the preterite tense IR’s simply remove the ir at the end and instead add the following ending depending upon the subject of the verb:yo t isteusted, l, ella inosotros imosustedes, ellos, ellas ieronIrregular Verbs in Preterite TenseThere are several groups of irregular verbs in past tense. Each type is different and unrelated.
Each are conjugated differently than the previously mentioned way, and some are very different. OddballsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They formdar – to give di diste dio dimos dieronir* – to go fui fuiste fue fuimos fueronser* – to go fui fuiste fue Fuimos fueron*Though ir and ser share the same conjugation they have different meanings you must use context clues to discover the meaningsYo di el coche. I gave him the car. Ella fue a la tienda.
She went to the storeNosotros fuimos hombres. We were friends. Ellos fueron casa. They went home.
Diste tu el libro a ella? Did you give the book to her?This group has no real pattern and is very odd. The U-Stem IrregularsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They formandar – to walk anduve auviste anduvo anduvimos anduvieroncaber – to fit cupe cupistestuvo cupo cupimos cupieronestar – to be estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieronpoder – to be able pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudieronsaber – to know supe supiste supo supimos supieronponer – to put puse pusiste puso pusimos pusierontener – to have tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvieronYo anduve a escuela. I walked to school. Ella cupo en buena. She fit in well.
Nosotros tuvimos un casa. We had a house. Ella estuvo un profesora. She was a teacher. Ellos pudieron a nadar.
They were able to swim. The J-Stem IrregularsVerb – Meaninge I Form You Form He Form We Form They formconducir-to drive conduje condujiste condujo condujimos condujerondecir – to say dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijerontraer – to bring traje trajiste trajo trajinos trajeronYo conduje casa. I drove home. Dijiste ayer.
You told me yesterday. Ella trajo el libro. She brought the book. Ellos dijeron ayer. They said yesterday. Yo traje el coche.
I brought the car. The I-Stem IrregularsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They formhacer to do,make hice hiciste hizo* hicimos hicieronquerer – to want quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisieronvenir – to come vine viniste vino vinimos vinieron*This instance is irregular more than the other irregulars. Yo hice un nota buena. I made a good grade. Ella quiso un gata. She wants a cat.
Nosotros vinimos casa. We came home. Ellos quisieron la comida. They want food.
Ella hizo la tarjeta. She made the cardThe Y-Stem IrregularsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They formcaer – to fall ca caste cay camos cayeroncreer – to believe cre creste crey cremos creyeronor – to hear o oste oy omos oyeronleer – to read le leste ley lemos leyeronElla cay ayer. She fell yesterday. Yo o t. I heard you.
Lemos el libro. We read the book. Creyeron me. They believe me. Yo o las noticas.
I heard the news. Imperfect tenseIn Spanish something is considered immperfect tense if it is equivalent to the english used to or the like, an action that was repeated. Imperfect AR VerbsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They Formestar – to be estaba estabas estaba estbamos estabanayudar – to help ayudaba ayudabas ayudaba ayudbamos ayudabanandar – to walk andaba andabas andaba andbamos andabanpreguntar – to ask preguntaba preguntabas preguntaba preguntbamos preguntabanYo estudiaba mis lecciones todos los los dias. I studied my lessons every day. Mi familia viajaban durante el verano.
My family used to travel during the summer. Tu estabas mi amigo. You used to be my friend. El ayudabame muchos. He used to help me a lot. Nosotros andbamos a la tienda.
We used to walk to the store. To form imperfect AR verbs you simply remove the AR at the end of the verb and insert the following depending upon the subject needed. yo abat abasusted, l, ella abanosotros bamosustedes, ellos, ellas abanImperfect ER VerbsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They Formvender – to sell venda vendas venda vendamos vendancomer – to eat coma comas coma comamos comanponer – to put pona Ponas pona ponamos ponanhacer – to make haca Hacas haca hacamos hacanYo venda libros en la tienda. I used to sell books in the store. Nosotros comamos pollo todos las dias.
We used to eat chicken every day. El pona la mesa. He used to set the table. Ellos beban vino. They used to drink wine. Yo lea los libros.
I used to read books. To form imperfect ER verbs you simply remove the ER at the end of the verb and insert the following depending upon the subject needed. yo at asusted, l, ella anosotros amosustedes, ellos, ellas anImperfect IR VerbsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They Formdormir – to sleep dorma dormas dorma dormamos dormansentir – to feel senta sentas senta sentamos sentanpartir – to leave parta partas parta partamos partansalir – to go out sala salas sala salamos salanYo me dorma temprano. I used to go to sleep early.
El senta enjoada a tu. I used to feel mad at you. Nosotros sentamos tarde. We used to leave late.
Ellos salan en domingo. They used to go out on Sunday. Yo sala siempre todos las dias. I used to go out almost every day.
To form imperfect IR verbs you simply remove the IR at the end of the verb and insert the following depending upon the subject needed. yo at asusted, l, ella anosotros amosustedes, ellos, ellas anIrregular Imperfect VerbsVerb – Meaning I Form You Form He Form We Form They Formser – to be era eras era eramos eranir – to go iba ibas iba ibamos ibanver – to see vea veas vea veamos veanNosotros ibamos a la tienda. We used to go to the store. Yo vea un doctor. I used to see a doctor.
Ellos eramos loco. They used to be crazy. El era un estudiante. He used to be a student. Tu ibas a casa temprano.
You used to go home earlyThese three verbs are the only verbs that are irregular in this tense, simply follow the conjugations above.Foreign Languages Essays
