Discuss this statement with mention to motivational theories you are cognizant of. The word motive harmonizing to Richard Romando is gotten from the Latin phrase “ movere ” , which means to travel. Motivation is defined as an interior thrust that activates public presentation and gives it way. The term motive theory is concerned with the procedure that explains why and how human behavior is stimulated and directed. It is considered as one of the most important countries of acquisition in the field of organisational behavior.
Motivation harmonizing to Jim Riley is defined as the finding to work ; this comes from the pleasance of the work itself and from the aspiration to accomplish certain ends for illustration earn more money or achieve publicity.
Motivation can be seen as the bed stone for effectual public presentation of workers on any assigned undertaking or occupation in an administration, these is the ground why people wants to work hard and work efficaciously for the concern. In other words, motive can easy be defined as those forces that incite or promote a individual to execute better or give his or her best. Motivation energises workers towards the assigned undertaking in an administration. Therefore for a worker to execute and work towards carry throughing ends for the administration, he must be motivated.
Several motivational theories have been put together by direction experts to back up the demand for effectual motive in an administration. The most by and large held analysis or givens are enumerated below. Though the undermentioned theories do non all arrive at the same decisions ; some of these theories are as follows ;
Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs.
Douglas McGregor – Theory Ten And Y
Fredrick Herzberg – Two Factor Theory
Elton Mayor – Human Relation School of idea
Fredrick Winslow Taylor – Theory of Scientific Management
Money as said is an of import factor in actuating workers today, more so as the expression goes “ money replies all things ” . Traveling by economic footings money is merely defined as an official medium of exchange for goods and services, Money harmonizing to Cliffnotes is defined as “ any good that is by and large used and acknowledged in trade linking the transportation of goods and services from one individual to another ” , it is hence glowering that homo would demand for wage for services rendered in an administration.
Harmonizing to Fredrick W Taylor in his theory of Scientific Management, Fredrick argued that, workers should be paid reasonably for a reasonably yearss occupation. Fredrick nevertheless suggested the enterprise that workers are motivated largely by wage. Fredrick who was concerned about they pay attitude of direction towards workers argued that workers do non evidently take pleasance in work and so necessitate close way, as a consequence directors should divide down production into a series of bantam undertakings, workers should so be given proper preparation and working equipments to enable them work every bit resourcefully as Possible on one set responsibility.
Workers are so paid in line with the sum of points they produce in a fit period of timepiece rate wage. Taylor reasoned that workers can merely set in their best if they are good paid ( pecuniary wages ) .
Taylor discovered from his findings that direction uses workers as a tool and at the terminal of the twenty-four hours pay them peanuts. This forced the workers to be unproductive and extremely unmotivated on their occupation.
Furthermore Taylor stated that direction should non merely be about excess and high productiveness but besides be concerned about the public assistance of the workers because if the workers are good motivated they would work harder to increase productiveness and any excess originating therefore can be shared between direction and workers.
Organizational direction in the twenty-four hours of Taylor disbelieved this theory and as such they could non use the thoughts of Taylor on clip, nevertheless they came to gain the importance of Taylor thoughts and as such embraced it.
Harmonizing to Jim Riley, Taylor ‘s thoughts in general were adopted as industries saw the net income of improved production degrees and lesser unit costs. Harmonizing to Jim “ The most notably advocator was Henry Ford who used them to plan the first of all time production line, doing Ford autos ” .
This as stated by Jim was the beginning of the epoch of mass production.
From the above, it is apparent that money is a really of import factor in actuating workers ; however there are other imperative factors that have been argued to actuate a worker more than money and this factor have been supported by different theories, these theories are discussed below ;
One of these theories that argue in resistance to the position that money is the most of import factor in actuating workers is the hierarchy of demands by Abraham Maslow. Maslow who was a psychologist postulated the hierarchy of demands ; Maslow divided human demands in line into five categories. The demands can be represented hierarchically ( as shown below ) .
The demands are predominance, predominance here means in the order of importance in life.
Physiological demands: this are needs which harmonizing to Abraham, consist of the basic demand of life such as nutrient, shelter, vesture, remainder, H2O. They are the first degree of demands for homo in life, without which it would be hard for adult male to populate. Therefore failure to fulfill this demand will do an person locked up in that degree, but ability to fulfill this demand will do an single move to the following degree of demands which is safety and security.
Safety and security: These demands harmonizing to Abraham are security from physical onslaughts, protection from danger. Basically they are the demand to cognize that you are physically protected and your occupation is secured. Harmonizing to Abraham one time this demands are satisfied they no longer actuate you alternatively the following degree of need supports actuating the person.
Social demands: it is the demand to interact and blend up freely with people and have a warmly relationship with people, it besides include the demand to belong to an organisation. After this harmonizing to Abraham the following motivation demand is esteem demands.
Esteem demand: this demand is egocentric in nature, it consist of demands such as prestigiousness, position and accomplishments. That is, it is a demand where people want to be recognised wherever they are. They are fundamentally demands for ego regard and being valued by others. After this the following is degree of demands which continues to actuate the person is self realization.
Self realization: this is similar to going what one wishes to go in life, this is a feeling of satisfaction, and it is a feeling that you have done a good occupation and wholly achieved your aims positively. This nevertheless is a hard phase to accomplish ; even so Abraham argued that everybody is capable of achieving self realization.
From this analysis above it is glowering that money does non actuate but the satisfaction of the lower degree demands of persons pushes them to the top, hence sing the positions and augment under Abraham Maslow degree of demands money does non actuate.
An extra of import motive theory is the two factor theory by Fredrick Herzberg ; Fredrick believed that certain things or factors that if concerns introduce, it could straight actuate an employee and that there were besides factors that can do a worker de-motivated if non present. Herzberg put frontward hygiene factors, which are factors that the occupation is surrounded by instead than the occupation itself. Herzberg alleged that concerns should actuate workers by acclimatising democratic attack to direction. Below are some of the methods suggested by Herzberg that directors could utilize to actuate workers:
Job expansion: devising work interesting by giving workers assortment of duties to put to death.
Job enrichment:
Authorization: handing over extra power to workers to do their ain picks over countries of their working lives.
However it is of import to observe that Herzberg examined wage or money as a hygiene factor which is in conformity with Fredrick Taylor ‘s earlier averment.
Another given which contradicts the position that money is the most of import motivation factor is the human relation school of idea which was coined by Elton Mayo.
Mayo approved to the fact that although money can actuate a worker ; nevertheless he believed workers are non merely interested or inspired by money but could be better motivated by guaranting their societal demands are met while at work.
After Mayo carried out some sequences of experiments on the workers at the workshop of the western electric company in Chicago, from the research Mayo resolved that workers are extremely motivated by improved communicating affecting directors and workers and in add-on working in groups or squads improved productiveness.
From this averment, it is of import to indicate out that although Elton mayo agrees to the importance of money as a motivational factor but disagrees to the gesture that money is the most of import factor in actuating workers and that there are other factors which are more effectual and of import in actuating a worker than money. Factors like good working conditions and efficient communicating between workers and direction.
Another challenging theory to the averment that money is the most of import factor in actuating workers is the theory proposed by Douglas McGregor ; theory X and theory Y.
In this theory Douglas attempted to use the application of Maslow, Taylor and Mayo ‘s theory to concern. He gives different ground why people work and coined it the theory X and theory Y.
McGregor asserts that theory X workers are lazy and motivated chiefly by money and would merely work if coerced by direction. While theory Y assumes that workers are motivated by many different factors and are responsible and committed, in add-on that theory Y workers enjoy work, and therefore it is of import for concerns to be able to cognize where their workers fall into.
These claims by McGregor about theory X workers who is motivated chiefly through money nevertheless correspond with the above fact that money is a chief incentive. While theory Y workers do non match, theory Y workers in McGregor ‘s averment are ever ready to work and are responsible and committed without money.
However, from the above considered diverse positions, it is rather apparent that although there are other of import factors that contribute to the effectual motive of single, money is besides a really of import motivation factor. Therefore holding measured the motivational theories, directors should place with the assorted techniques of actuating workers either through pecuniary or non pecuniary wagess, because a well-motivated work force can supply better productiveness, lesser degrees of absenteeism, and lower degrees of staff turnover ( the sum of workers go forthing the company ) .
