United States v. Nixon, President of the United States. Throughout American history, the fear that our leaders may sometimes think themselves above the law has always been evident.
The fear is that power brings corruption. To prevent this, however, the system of checks and balances has been installed into the Constitution. No one branch of government stands above the law in this setup. This point was reasserted in the Supreme Court case of 1974, United States v.
Nixon. This case involved the President of the United States, at that time Richard Nixon, and the people of the United States. The case was based on the infamous Watergate scandal in which Nixon was said to be involved. The case came about when Nixon refused to deliver subpoenaed tapes to the Special Prosecutor that could have possibly incriminated him. Nixon attempted to quash this subpoena by claiming executive privilege.
The Special Prosecutor argued this claim successfully. The President then appealed this ruling from the District Court to the Court of Appeals. In the Appeals Court, the Special Prosecutor filed for a writ of certiorari which was petitioned by the President. Both petitions were granted and handed to the Supreme Court. When the case reached the Supreme Court, the basic arguments were as follows.
President Nixon’s attorneys argued that the District Court was out of its jurisdiction when it issued the subpoena to Nixon, making the case void. They stated that the dispute between the President and the Special Prosecutor was strictly executive, and by mediating them, the court broke the doctrine of separation of powers. They also argued that executive privilege, the right of the President to withhold information from Congress, applied. The District Court responded that the judiciary, not the President, was the final arbiter of a claim of executive privilege. The Court also argued that the Special Prosecutor was vested with power by the Attorney General, who had the right under the Constitution to conduct the criminal litigation of the United States government. In its decision, the Supreme Court affirmed the ruling of the District Court.
They ruled that President Nixon’s insubordination was unjustified. They felt that neither the claim of invalid jurisdiction nor that of executive privilege was applicable. The decision was unanimous. Raoul Berger wrote a concurring opinion in which he affirmed the Court’s decision but believed that it cut too closely to the right of executive privilege in cases where the information is irrelevant and the President needs to keep his privacy. This case was positive proof to the American people that the justice system in our country is indeed working, even if the President’s wrongdoings can be rectified. It was a statement of equality among all and set forth the precedent that nobody in this country is above the law.
