Natural causes of landslides include: Groundwater (firewater) pressure acting to destabilize the slope Loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients, and soil after a wildfire) Erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or ocean waves Weakening of a slope through saturation by snowbell, glaciers melting, r heavy rains Earthquakes adding loads to barely stable slope -Earthquake caused liquefaction destroying slopes. Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes and landslides around the world. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, that is, soils in which the space between individual particles is completely filled with water _ Debris flow Slope material that becomes saturated with water may develop into a debris flow r mud flow.
The resulting slurry Of rock and mud may pick up trees, houses and cars, thus blocking bridges and tributaries causing flooding along its path and various types Of landslides. MISSED DEBRIS PLOW in alpine areas cause severe damage to structures, infrastructures and often claim human lives. The solid – liquid mixture can reach up to 2 tones/ms and velocities Of up to mm/s. Landslides that occur undersea have an impact into the water. They can generate tsunamis Landslides can also generate mega tsunamis . These mega tsunamis are very dangerous and cause a lot of harm
An avalanche, similar in mechanism to a landslide, involves a large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side Of a mountain_This causes flood in many areas. A prophylactic flow is caused by a collapsing cloud of hot ash, gas and rocks from a volcanic explosion that moves rapidly down an erupting volcanoes. This increases the temperature of earth. LANDSLIDE HAZARDS ANALYSIS Landslide hazard analysis and mapping can provide useful information for catastrophic loss reduction, and assist in the development of guidelines for sustainable land use planning.
The analysis is used to identify the factors that are elated to landslides, estimate the relative contribution of factors causing slope failures, establish a relation between the factors and landslides, and to predict the landslide hazard in the future based on such a relationship, The factors that have been used for landslide hazards analysis can usually be grouped into GEOMORPHOLOGY, GEOLOGY, LAND USE, and HYDROLOGY.
Thus the future conditions can be predicted before time. Earth flows are down slope, viscous flows of saturated, fine-grained materials, which move at any speed from slow to fast. Typically, they can move at speeds from 0. 7 to 20 km/h. Though these are a lot like mudflows, overall they are slower moving and are covered faith solid material carried along by flow from within. They are different from fluid flows because they are more rapid.
Earth flows occur much more during periods of high precipitation, Which saturates the ground and adds water to the slope content A debris avalanche is a type of slide characterized by the chaotic movement of rocks soil and debris mixed With water or ice (or both). They are usually triggered by the saturation of thickly vegetated slopes which results in an incoherent suture of broken timber, shriller vegetation and other debris. Steep coastal cliffs can be caused by catastrophic debris avalanches.
These have been common on the submerged flanks of ocean island volcanoes such as the Hawaiian Islands and the Cape Verve Islands, A storeroom is a rare, poorly understood type of landslide, typically with a long run-out. Often very large, these slides are unusually mobile, flowing very tar over a low angle, flat, or even slightly uphill terrain. Landslide in which the sliding surface is located within the soil mantle or tethered bedrock(typically to a depth from few dosimeters to some meters)is called a shallow landslide.
