India has the biggest child population of 380 million in the world; plus the largest number Of children Who are forced to earn a living. We have many laws that ban child labor in hazardous industries. According to the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986, the employment of children below the age of 14 in hazardous occupations has been strictly banned. But each state has different rules regarding the minimum age of employment. This makes implementation of these laws difficult, Also, there is no ban on child labor in non-hazardous occupations.
The act applies to the organized or factory sector and not the unrecognized or informal sector where most children tint employment as cleaners, servants, porters, waiters among other forms of unskilled work. Thus, child labor continues because the implementation of the existing laws is lax. There are industries, which have a facial demand for child labor because oftener nimble fingers, high level of concentration and capacity to work hard at abysmally 1 20 Marks 12 marks low wages. The carpet industry in U. P. And Kashmir employs children to make hand. Knotted carpets.
There are 80,000 child workers in Jam & Kashmir alone. In Kashmir because of the political unrest, children are forced to work while many schools are shut. Industries like gem cutting and polishing pottery and glass vaunt to remain competitive by employing children. 5. The truth is that it is poverty which is pushing children into the brutish labor market. We have 60 million people below the poverty line in India, a large number Of them are women. Poor and especially woman-headed families, have no option but to push their little ones in this hard life in hostile conditions, With no human or labor rights.
There is a lobby which argues that there is nothing wrong with children working as long as the environment for work is conducive to learning new skills but studies have shown that the children are made to do boring, repetitive and tedious jobs and are not taught new skills as they grow older. In these hell. Holes like the sweet shops of the old, there is no hope. Children working in gizzards industries are prone to debilitating diseases which can cripple them for life. By sitting in cramped, damp and unhygienic spaces, their limbs become deformed for life.
Inside matchstick, fire works and glass industries they are victims of bronchial diseases and T. B. Their mental and physical development is permanently impaired by long hours of work. Once trapped, they can’t get out of this vicious circle of poverty. They remain uneducated and powerless, Finally, in later years, they too are compelled to send their own children to work. Child labor perpetuates its own nightmare, If at all the Government serious bout granting children their rights, an intensive effort ought to have been made to implement the Supreme Court’s Directive of 1997 which laid down punitive action against employers of child labor.
Only compulsory primary education can eliminate child labor _ Surely, if 380 million children are given a better life and elementary education, Indian’s human capital would be greatly enhanced. But that needs, as former President Abdul Koala says, “a Second Vision”. (a) (i) (ii) (iii) On which two counts has the Government not succeeded so far in respect of children? What makes the implementation Of child labor law difficult ? Why do the industries prefer child labor? 2 222 (iv) (v) (b) What are the adverse effects of hazardous industries on children? Give any two, What does the Supreme Court’s Directive of 1997 provide? 1 lax=3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following : (i) (ii) (iii) risky/dangerous (Para 1) very unfriendly (Para 5) intended as punishment (Para 3) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: There is nothing more frustrating than when you sit down at your table to study with the most sincere Of intentions and instead Of being able to finish the task at and, you find your thoughts wandering. However, there are certain techniques that you can use to enhance your concentration. “Your concentration level depends on a number of factors,” says Samuel Gosh, a social counselor. In order to develop your concentration span, it is necessary to examine various facets of your physical and internal environment,” she adds, To begin with one should attempt to create the physical environment that is conducive to focused thought. Whether it is the radio, TV or your noisy neighbors, identify the factors that make it difficult tort you to focus. For instance, it you live in a err noisy neighborhood, you could try to plan your study hours in a nearby library. She disagrees with the notion that people can concentrate or study in an environment with distractions like a loud television, blaring music etc. If you are distracted when you are attempting to focus, your attention and retention powers do not work at optimum levels,” cautions Gosh, “Not more than two of your senses should be activated at the same time,” she adds. What that means is that music that sets your feet tapping is not the ideal accompaniment to your books. Also do not place your study table or desk in front of a window. While there is no cure for a mind that Wants to wander, one should try and provide as little stimulus as possible.
Looking out of a window even you are trying to concentrate Will invariably send your mind on a tangent,” says Gosh. The second important thing, she says, is to establish goals for oneself instead Of setting a general target and then trying to accomplish What you can in a haphazard fashion. It is very important to decide what you have to finish in a given span of time. 8 marks The human mind recognizes fixed goals and targets and appreciates schedules more than random thoughts, Once your thoughts and goals are in line, a accused system will follow.
She recommends that you divide your schedule into study and recreation hours, When you study, choose a mix of subjects that you enjoy and dislike and save the former for the last so that you have something to look forward to. For instance, if you enjoy verbal skill tests more than mathematical problems, then finish Math first Not only will you find yourself working harder, you will have a sense of achievement when you wind up. Try not to sit for more than 40 minutes at a stretch. Take a very short break to make a cup of tea or listen to a song and sit down again. Under no circumstances, would one sit for more than one and a half hours.
Short breaks build your concentration and refresh your mind. However, be careful not to overdo the relaxation. It may have undesired effects. More than anything else, do not get disheartened. Concentration is merely a matter of disciplining the mind. It comes With practice and patience and does not take very long to become a habit for life. (a) (b) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using abbreviations wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title. Write a summary of the above in 80 words. SECTION – B (Advanced Writing Skills) . You are Carnivals/Crinoids of D. P. Public School, Nagger.
As Student Editor of your school magazine, draft a notice in not more than 50 words four school notice board inviting articles/sketches from students of all classes. OR You want to rent out your newly constructed flat in the heart of the city. Draft an advertisement in not more than SO words to be published in ‘The Decca Herald’, Bangor under classified columns. Give all the necessary details, You are Moan/ Minima to]anagram, Bangor. 4. You are Cultural Secretary of POND Xavier School, Jackhammers. Your school organized, a debate on the topic, ‘The impact of reality shows on the younger generation’.
Write a report in 100-125 words to be published in ‘The Times of India’ , Jackhammers, 4 S 335 Marks 5 marks 10 marks OR A major bus mishap Which left several people seriously injured took place at Nicholas Road, Unmasking, Achaean. Luckily no life was lost. Collect the information from the eyewitnesses and send a report in 100-125 words to The Unmasking Times’. You are Viand/Vanishing, a reporter. 5. Write a letter to the Dean, D. P.!. School of Management, Iambi, requesting him to apprise you of the details such as eligibility criteria, fees, hostel facility, prospects of ligament etc. Or admission to P. G. Diploma in HARM. You are Ram/Ormolu of 21 Civil Lines, Barely. OR Write a letter to the Editor, ‘Decca Times’, Bangor about the inadequate parking facilities in the Commercial Street, M. G. Road, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. Offer your suggestions, You are Nope/Riots, 24 Hennas Road, Bangor. 6. Increase in the number to vehicles causes pollution and traffic jams. Write an article in 150-200 words for ‘The New Indian Express’, Delhi, highlighting the urgent need to solve these man- made problems, giving suitable suggestions. You are Madhya / Madrid.
OR In almost all big cities in the country there is a mushroom growth of slums where people are living in inhuman conditions, Write an article in 150-200 words about this problem suggesting steps to deal with it. You are Kamala ‘Kart. SECTION – C (Text Books) 7. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: but soon put that thought away and looked out at young trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes, (a) Which thought did the poet put away? 5 45 Marks 4 marks What do the sprinting trees’ signify? What are ‘the merry children spilling out of their homes’, symbolic of? OR
Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example, With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal -” Poor lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes From tog to endless night? On their slab heap, these children Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended Blabs, like bottle bits on stones. (a) (b) (c) 8. Why is Shakespeare described as wicked? Explain: ‘from tog to endless night’. What does the reference to ‘slab heap’ mean ? 2 1 1 ex. = 6 marks Answer any three Of the following in 30-40 words each: (a) (b) (c) (d) DO you think the poet, Pablo Neared advocates total inactivity and death?
Why / Why not? Why and how is grandeur associated with the mighty dead? (A Thing of Beauty) What was the plea Of the folk Who had put up the roadside stand? HOW do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tigers’ attitude? Ex. Answer the following in 30-40 words each: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What was Franz expected to be prepared with for the school that day? Why was Douglas determined to get over his tear of water? Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? Why did the author appear to be doing nothing at Gemini studios?
Why didn’t Sophie want Jeanie to know about her story with Danny? 0, Answer the following in 125-1 SO words: Give a brief account of the life and activities of the people like Saber-e-Lam settled in Semiarid. 6 ICC marks OR What was distinctive about Echo’s academic writing style? I I . Answer the following in 125-150 words: The lesson, ‘On The Face of It’, is an apt depiction of the loneliness and sense Of alienation experienced by people on account Of a disability. Explain. OR What precautions were taken by the prison authorities to ensure that the German exam was conducted smoothly and also under strict security? 2. Answer the following in 30-40 words each: (a) (b) (c) (d) What were he writer’s feelings on reaching Antarctica? HOW did Dry. Soda ensure that the American sailor left his house but he himself remained safe and secure? What part of the story did Jack himself enjoy the most and why? What did Cattail. As feel when her long hair was cut? QUESTION PAPER CODE 1/1 SECTION A READING 1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 1 For many years now the governments have been promising the eradication of child-labor in hazardous industries in India.
But the truth is that despite all the rhetoric no government so far has succeeded in eradicating this evil, nor as any been able to ensure compulsory primary education tort every Indian child, Between 60 and 100 million children are still at work instead of going to school, and Roland 10 million are working in hazardous industries. India has the biggest child population of 380 million in the world, plus the largest number of children who are forced to earn a living. We have many laws that ban child- labor in hazardous industries.
According to the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1386, the employment of children below the age of 14 in hazardous occupations has been strictly binnacle But each state has different ales regarding the minimum age of employment. This makes implementation of these laws difficult. 7 7 marks 2 x marks 20 Marks 12 Also, there is no ban on child-labor in non-hazardous occupations. The Act applies to the organized or factory sector and not the nourished or informal sector where most children find employment as cleaners, servants, porters, waiters etc. Among other forms of unskilled work.
Thus, child-labor continues because the implementation of the existing laws is lax. There are industries, which have a special demand for child labor because of their nimble fingers, gig level of concentration and capacity to work hard at abysmally low wages. The carpet industry in and Kashmir employs children to make hand-knotted carpets. There are 80,000 child workers in Jam & Kashmir alone. In Kashmir because of the political unrest, children are forced, to work while many schools are shut. Industries like gem cutting and polishing pottery and glass want to remain competitive by employing children.
The truth is that it is poverty which is pushing children into the brutish labor market. We have 260 million people below the poverty line in India, a large number of them are women. Poor and specially Woman-headed families, have no option but to push their little ones in this hard life in hostile conditions, with no human or labor rights. There is a lobby Which argues that there is nothing wrong With children working as long as the environment for work is conducive to learning new skills, but studies have shown that the children are made to do boring, repetitive and tedious jobs and are not taught new skills as they grow older.
In these hellholes like the sweet shops of the old there is no hope. Children working in hazardous industries are prone to debilitating diseases which can cripple them for life, By sitting in ramped, damp and unhygienic spaces, their limbs become deformed for life. Inside matchstick. Fire-works and glass industries they are victims of bronchial diseases and T. B. Their mental and physical development is permanently impaired by long hours of work. Once trapped, they, can’t get out of this vicious circle of poverty. They remain uneducated and powerless.
Finally, in later years, they too are compelled to send their own children to work, Child-labor perpetuates its own nightmare. If at all the government was serious about granting children their rights, an intensive effort ought to have been made to implement the Supreme Court’s Directive of 1997 which laid down punitive action against employers of childproof. Only compulsory panama education can eliminate child-labor. 8 Surely, if 380 million children are given a better life and elementary education, Indian’s human capital would be greatly enhanced.
But that needs, as former president Abdul Koala says, “a second vision”, (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (b) On which two counts has the government not succeeded so tar in respect of children? What makes the implementation of child-labor law difficult? Why do the industries prefer child-labor? What are the adverse effects of hazardous industries on children? Give any two. What does the Supreme Court’s Directive of 1997 provide? 222213 Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following: (i) (ii) (iii) 8) hand you find your thoughts wandering.
However, there are certain techniques order to develop your concentration span, it is necessary to examine venous powers do not work at optimum levels,” cautions Gosh, “Not more than two of your senses should be activated at the same time,” she adds. What that means is that music that sets your feet tapping is not the ideal accompaniment to your books. 9 Also do not place your study table or desk in front of a window. “While there is no cure for a mind that wants to wander, one should try and provide as little stimulus as possible.
Looking out of a window when you are trying to concentrate will invariably send your mind on a tangent,” says Gosh. The second important thing, she says, is to establish goals for oneself instead of setting a general target and then trying to accomplish what you can in a haphazard fashion. It is very important to decide what you have to finish in a given span of time. The human mind recognizes fixed goals and targets and appreciates schedules more Han random thoughts. Once your thoughts and goals are in line, a focused system will follow. She recommends that you divide your schedule into study and recreation hours.
When you study, choose a mix of subjects that you enjoy and dislike and save the dormer for the last so that you have something to look forward to, For instance, if you enjoy verbal skill tests more than mathematical problems, then finish Math first. Not only will you find yourself working harder, you will have a sense of achievement when you wind up, Try not to sit for more than 40 minutes ATA stretch. Take a very short break to make a cup of tea or sites to a song and sit down again. Under no circumstances, should one sit for more than one and a half hours.
