Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe and cross the Pacific Ocean? Ferdinand Magellan did it on his famous voyage in search of a westward route to theMoluccas (now Melaka). This is one of the greatest Portuguese explorers to ever sail theocean. Ferdinand Magellan was born in about 1480 in Sabrosa of a noble family, and hespent his years as a court page. He ran errands and helped out with general chores but hewas still looking for something more. He wanted to see the world and find out what therewas to explore.
In 1506 he went to the East Indies, participating in many military andexploratory expeditions in Malacca and the Moluccas, know as the Spice Islands, and by 1510he had been promoted to the rank of captain. He returned to Portugal in 1512 and in 1513was stationed in Morocco, where he got wounds that maimed him for life. He requested anincrease in his royal allowance but was rejected by Emanuel, king of Portugal, who didn’tagree with Magellan’s plan to find a westward route to the Moluccas. This made Magellanrenounce his Portuguese nationality. In 1517 he offered his services to the king of Spain,Charles I (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V).
With his good salesmanship skills,Magellan convinced Charles to fund the expedition to find a westward route to the Moluccas. If Magellan could reach the Moluccas from the West, Spain’s wealth would surpass all othercountries. On September 20,1519 Magellan started his great journey to the Moluccas fromSanlucar de Barrameda with five ships. In November of that year he reached South America.
In February 1520 he explored the Rio de la Plata estuary, and on March 31, 1520 his fleetput in to port at San Julian. His fleet remained there for six months because of diseaseand complications. One ship was wrecked causing a mutiny. After the mutiny had beensettled, Magellan sailed the passage to the Pacific Ocean named after him, the Strait ofMagellan, losing another ship by desertion, en route. After 38 days and traveling 330miles, on November 28, 1520, his three great ships sailed into the ocean, which Magellannamed “Pacific” because it was so calm.
He reached the Marianas, or Ladrone, Islands onMarch 6, 1521, and ten days later he discovered the Phillipines. He landed on the islandof Cebu on April 7. There he made an alliance with the ruler of the island and agreed tohelp him attack the neighboring natives on the island of Mactan. Magellan was killed onApril 27, 1521 during the Mactan expedition. What happens to the crew now that their leaderis dead? A young Spanish navigator named Juan Sebastian del Cano takes over.
Meanwhiletwo ships escaped and the other one was burned. The last ship, Victoria, was commanded bydel Cano through the Cape of Good Hope route to Seville on September 6,1522. AlthoughMagellan did not live to make the journey home he did circumnavigate the globe by passingthe easternmost point he had visited on an earlier voyage. The cargo of spices broughtback to Spain on the Victoria alone paid for the expenses of the Expedition. The passagethrough the Strait of Magellan was too long and difficult to be a practical trade routefrom Europe to the Moluccas, however, and Spain sold her interests there to Portugal.
Thevoyage laid a foundation for trade in the Pacific between the New World and the East. Though Spain did not recognize the importance of the Phillipines immediately, before theend of the century, Manila became the greatest Spanish trading center in the East. Ferdinand Magellan proved to the world and all those who rejected his ideas that one couldcircumnavigate the world. His discoveries and passages opened new doors to a larger world.
He will always be remembered as the first man who sailed around the world.
