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    MUS 144G L1- music notation, texture, medieval- early renaissance music

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    Music notation allows us to see..
    High and low notes
    Short and Long notes
    accented and unaccented notes
    (also speed and volume but those came later)
    Gregorian chant
    church music sung as a single vocal line in free rhythm and a restricted scale (plainsong)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fe3QSdTQa7w
    Neumes
    Neumes
    basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation
    What did Guido d’Arezzo do?
    invented modern musical notation (ut-re-mi-fa-so-la) in the 11th century, so people no longer needed to memorise pieces, and could sing just from sight-reading
    Cantus firmus
    (“fixed song”), a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition
    Organum
    early polyphony of the late Middle Ages that consists of one or more voice parts accompanying the cantus firmus often in parallel motion at a fourth, fifth, or octave above or below
    Ambrosian chant vs Gregorian chant
    Ambrosian chant- originates from Northern Italy. Both are sung in unison, a capella, involving men’s voices. However Ambrosian chant is more free and meanders more.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PU4ycRzwqDc
    Hildegard of Bingen
    A female music composer in the 12th century
    Medieval period
    5th to 15th centuries
    Renaissance period
    1300-1600
    Guillaume de Machaut
    Medieval composer; helped develop motets, secular (distinct from religion) music, and music for the mass
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoUluGGJvhk
    motet
    one of the pre-eminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music
    Guillaume Dufay
    Early renaissance composer; used systems such as writing polyphonic harmony over a simple chant
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLwMEBlBBB4
    Monophonic texture
    Single melodic line with no accompaniment, or everyone singing the same line
    Homophonic texture
    a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords
    Polyphonic texture
    two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody

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