Chapter 28 The Digestive System

Question	Answer
abomasum	last section of the ruminant stomach that acts as the true stomach and allows food to be digested
alimentary canal	veterinary medical terminology for the GI system
amylase	enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down starches
anastomosis	surgical removal of a dead area of tissue along the digestive tract and resectioning the areas back together
ascending colon	first section of the large intestine
avian system	specialized digestive system of birds
beak	avian mouth with no teeth that forms an upper and lower bill
bile	yellow fluid that helps break down food for digestion and absorption of food
bloat	condition that causes the abdoment to become swollen and painful due to air and gas within the intestinal tract
body	central part of the stomach that expands as food enters
canine	teeth also known as fangs that are used to tear apart food
cardia	entrance of the stomach that filters food
caniasial tooth	upper 4th premolar and lower first molar in dogs and cats that tend to become abscessed and infected
cecum	the small sac that lies between the small and large intestines
cloaca	end of the digestive tracct where waste material passes
colic	condition in horses that causes severe stomach pain
colon	common term for the large intestine
constipation	occurence in the digestive tract that can cause little to no bowel movement
crop	small sac that acts as a holding tank for food as it is passed from the esophagus in birds
crown	the upper part of the tooth that lies above the gum line
cud	mixture of grass sources and saliva that is chewed and regurgitated to break down food for digestions
deciduous	baby teeth that are developed in newborn animals and eventually shed when adulthood is reached
dehydration	loss of fluids in the body
dentin	second layer of teeth, similar to bone
dentition	the way teeth are arranged in the body
descending colon	third or last section of the large intestine
diabetes	condition that is produced when too much or too little blood sugar is produced and the body finds it difficult to regulate
diarrhea	process of waste materials and feces becoming soft and watery
digestion	breaking down food particles into nutrients to be used by the body to allow the animal to live
digestive system	the body sytem that contains the stomach and intestines
distended	swollen
duodenum	short, first section of the small intestines
enamel	hardest substance in the body that covers and protects teeth
enema	procedure of passing fluids into the rectum to soften feces to produce a bowel movement
eructation	gas buildup where belching occurs to rid the rumen of air
esophagus	tube that passes food from the mouth to the stomach
fermentation	process of soaking food that allows bacteria to break down food for easier digestion
flanking	looking at or biting at the sides of the abdomen due to stomach pain
foreign body obstruction	an animal ingests a foreign object that is no digestibe and it becomes impacted within the intestinal tract
free gas	air accumulates in the dorsal rumen of a ruminants stomach causing the animal to choke when the esophagus becomes obstructed with food and saliva, causing the gas to not be able to escape
frothy bloat	caused by gas being trapped within small bubbles within the rumen cxausing the abdoment to become swollen and painful
fundus	opening of the stomach
gall bladder	organ that stores biles
gastric dilation	veterinary term for the condition known as bloat in which air or gas fills the stomach causing the abdomen to become swollen and painful
gastric dilation volvulus (GDV)	condition where the stomach and intestinal tract rotate after becoming swollen due to air or gas in the GI tract, causing the intestinal tracts circulation to be cut off t
gastrointestinal system (GI)	the digestive system that contains the stomach and intestines
gizzard	muscular organ located after the proventriculus in birds that grinds down hard food substances
glucose	veterinary term for blood sugar
herbivores	animals that eat plant based foods
ileum	third and last section of the small intestine
incisors	the front teeth located in the upper and lower jaws
insulin	chemical produced by the liver that is released into the bloodstream and regulates the body's blood sugar
intravenous	into the vein
intussesception	condition where the stomach or intestine telescopes upon itself, cutting off circulation to the organ
jejunum	second or middle section of the small intestine
Lactated ringers solution	fluid of lactic acid that is commonly used to replace fluids lost in dehydration
laxative	veterinary term for stool softeners or medicine given to soften feces to produce a bowel movement
lipase	enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down fats
liver	organ behind the stomach that makes bile and produces glucose
mesentery	connective tissue from the peritoneum and carries blood vessels and nerves to the small intestines
molars	last set of teeth that are large and located in the back of the mouth
monogastric	digestive system of an animal with one simple stomach
mucosa	thin connective tissue that lines the intestinal tract
mucous membrane (mm)	gums
necrotic	dead tissue
nonruminant system	digestive system similar to monogastric animals with a larger well developed cecum for breaking down fiber
normal saline	solution with the same concentration level as salt
NPO	nothing by mouth
omasum	third section of the ruminant stomach that absorbed water and nutrients
omentum	thin lining that surrounds organs within the abdomen
omnivores	eats both plants and animals
oral barium study	barium solution given by mouth to pass through the digestive system to allow xrays to be taken over time to view internal structures of the GI tract
pancreas	organ that lies next to the stomach and secretes enzymes that aid in digestion
papillae	hair on the tongue that act as taste buds
peristalsis	wavelike motion of the stomach that moved food through the intestine in contractions
peritoneum	clear thin lining of the abdomen
permanent	adult teeth that are formed after the deciduous teeth are shed
pharynx	throat or area of the back of the mouth
PO	by mouth
premolars	wider teeth at the back of the mouth used to grind and tear food
proventriculus	acts as a monogastric stomach and begins the digestion process in birds by releasing excretions to soften food
pulp cavity	center of the tooth that holds the nerves, veins, and arteries
pylorus	exit passageway of the stomach
radiopaque	solution that fluoresces and allows radioation to pass through to view internal body structures during xrays
regurgitation	process of bringing food into the mouth from the stomach to break it down
root	part of the tooth located below the gum line that holds the tooth in place
reticulum	second section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a filter for food
rumen	first section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a storage vat and softens food for fermentation
rugae	folds within the stomach when it is empty
ruminant	animal with a digestive system that has a stomach with four sections or compartments
saliva	fluid that helps soften and break down food for ease of swallowing and digestion
salivary glands	area within the mouth that produces saliva
skin turgor	process of evaluating an animal for dehydration by lifting the skin over the base of the neck or shoulder blades
sodium chloride	saltwater fluid
stool softeners	medication given to produce a bowel movement by softening the fecces
subcutaneous	given under the skin
tacky	slight dry, as in the gums
tongue	muscle within the mouth used to hold food within the mouth
transverse colon	second or middle section of the large intestine
trocar	plastic or metal pointed instrument placed into the rumen of the ruminant animal that has bloated to relieve the pressue on the animal's stomach
trypsin	enzyme produced by the pancreas that digests proteins
vent	external area of an avian that passes waste materials, also called the cloaca and similar to the rectum
vomiting	process of brining up partially or undigested food that has been in the stomach of monogastric animals

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