Medieval Essays
Music History 1st year midterm notes Chapter V: The Middle Ages and the Evolution of Polyphony Early Middle Ages (5th-10th century) High Middle Ages (1 lath-13th century) Late Middle Ages (14th-1 5th century) Composers: Hildebrand of Binge (1098-1179) Songs composed Plainchant Sequence: Combat Aspect About: -German writer, composer, philosopher, Christian, and visionary -had visions and…
Luis Valentine Cathedrals of England May, 23, 2013 IN the dictionary, cathedrals are defined as another name or place of worship for Christians, Catholics, and etc. I’m about to take your imagination to some of the homeland of some of the oldest and beautiful cathedrals on Earth. I’m going to introduce you to London, the…
Altarpieces First example of large paintings in church First thing you see when you enter the church *Center was the most important part, usually of Madonna and Child or Crucifixion Triptic 3 piece altarpiece Polyptic Many piece altarpiece Symbolic Crucifixion As long as we recognize what is going on, the artist succeeds No need to…
Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria Palestrina Palestrina: Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria Period: Renaissance Genre: Gloria Texture: Monophonic; Homorythmic with some Polyphony; changing voice density. Sacred Three Dances Susato Susato: Three Dances Genre: Ronde Dance Period: Renaissance Texture: Mostly homophonic Secular Puis Qu’en Oubli Machaut Machaut: Puis Qu’en Oubli Genre: Chanson setting of a French rondeau Period:…
Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) A nun and abbess in Germany, known as the Sybill of the Rhine. She was the first well-known woman composer and was also known as a writer, poet, philosopher, Christian mystic, and visionary. Maddalena Casulana (c. 1540-1590) An Italian composer who was the first woman known to have published her own…
Bonaventura Berlinghieri. “Panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece.” Late Medieval style, ca. 1200 -Altarpiece -holes in hands and feet are markers of Saint Francis -more interest in telling story than representing reality (nothing is to scales, not a lot of dimension) -two angels are flanking him -frontal poses, lack of modeling, and prominent halos -gold…
Music with no strict meter or accompaniment, sung by a single voice or unison choir. plainsong Written notation. score A compositional method in which two voice parts sing the same melody, one a perfect fourth or fifth higher than the other. parallel organum Markings over or under the text to signal pitch changes. neumes Music…
Cantus Firmus also known as fixed song or a pre-existing melody which forms the basis of polyphonic composition. Melismatic is the singing of one syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession. Monophony music consisting of a single melodic line without chordal accompaniment; It is the oldest type of music. Neume symbols…
Michelangelo Renassiance artist – painted sinstine chaple and sculplated la pieta and david Erasmus Most famous Christian humanist Shakespeare Renaissance playwright and writer of sonnets Turks Muslims from Asia Minor – defeated Constantinople – renamed it Istanbul – traded ( ottoman) Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance artist – painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper Pope Head…
Vielle French stringed instrument, struck with hammers Popular in 1600’s Bas (indoor) Viol Stringed instrument, ancestor to violin but larger, with 6 strings, played with bow Fretted neck General term for bowed stringed instruments that pre-dated the violin Clavichord Small keyboard instrument popular in Renaissance and with JS Bach during Baroque era Strings are struck,…
Leonin first composer of polyphonic organum; choir master at Notre Dame cathedral Thomas Morley prominent composer of English madrigals; 16th century Philippe deVitry author of Ars Nova – a thesis on music writing and more complex musical composition Pope Gregory the Great (Pope Gregory I) pope who put together and collected chants in medieval period;…
a cappella without instruments madrigal non religious vocal works in several parts minnesinger traveling poet from Germany monophonic single line melody polyphonic music with more than one voice part homophonic single melodic line with chordal accompaniment heterophonic singing or playing the same melody in the appropriate manner to each voice or instrument neumes markings over…
Challenge to the Habsburg Empire German princes were trying to break away from hapsburg empire Church vs. Civil Courts Papacy losing influence over the people, faith was no longer true. so only way to do legal things was through the church; “Channel of Grace” Church identity of itself. Church was like, “if you want salvation,…
Renaissance Period A stylistic period between approximately 1400 and 1600 known as the rebirth and revival of human creativity. Renaissance Artists Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo and Raphael Renaissance Instrument Lyre Renaissance Composers Praetorius and Weekles Sacred Compositions written for religious purposes. Secular Compositions written for non-religious purposes. Motets A short choral composition based on…
Gregorian Chant Characteristics -Monophonic -Unmeasured rhythm (not metrical) -Avoids leaps and dynamic contrast Dynamic -Loudness or softness of music Types of Chants -Syllabic (1 note for each syllable) -Neumatic (2-3 notes per syllable) -Melismatic (4 or more notes per syllable) Neum -Early notation Ordinary of the Mass -Kyrie -Gloria -Credo -Sanctus -Agnus Dei Latin vs….
Alleluia, O Virga Mediatrix Genre: Plainchant Composer: Hildegard of Bingen Style: opens to melismatic then neumatic Texture: Monophonic Monophony single voice Polyphony many voices Homophony melody with accompaniment Medieval Time Period 400-1450 Renaissance Time Period 1450-1600 Characteristics of Medieval Music predominately sacred, monophonic, and anon. composers Ex: Kyrie, Orbis Factor Gregorian Chant Plain Chant/ Plain…
Forms of Classical Art sculpture, painted pottery, murals, mosaics Purposes of Classical Art to show the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and Goddesses Characteristic of Classical Art Figures look idealized, perfect Bodies look active, move convincingly Bodies are often nude, sometimes draped in togas Faces are bland and calm, without emotion…
Who were the centers of power during the Medieval period? Christian Church and the state What is the form of music in the Medieval period? Why? Sacred; because of the patronage from the Church What raised the status of women? Ideals of knighthood and the devotion to the Virgin Mary What were the developments the…
Bagpipe This instrument originated as a rustic instrument in many cultures because a herdsman had the necessary materials at hand: a goat or sheep skin and a reed pipe. Bladder Pipe This instrument is a very distinctive loud instrument which has a reed which is enclosed by an animal bladder. Cornamuse These instruments are straight…
Dorian I; Authentic; Medieval Hypodorian II; Plagal; Medieval Phrygian III; Authentic; Medieval Hypophrygian IV; Plagal; Medieval Lydian V; Authentic; Medieval Hypolydian VI; Plagal; Medieval Mixolydian VII; Authentic; Medieval Hypomixolydian VIII; Plagal; Medieval Aeolian IX; Authentic; Renaissance Hypoaeolian X; Plagal; Renaissance Ionian XI; Authentic; Renaissance Hypoionian XII; Plagal; Renaissance
Plato Who was the Greek philosopher that had much to say about music, its relationship to other disciplines, and it’s effect on moral development? Pythagoras Who is better known for theories relating to geometry, delineated the relationship between numeric ratios and pitch intervals? Middle Ages The Medieval Period is also known as? 476-1450 What are…
Hildegard of Bingen 1098-1179 German nun composer of plainchant First woman composer from whom a large number of works have survived remembered for her writings on natural history, medicine, and for poetry and music for special services of the church Leonin lived in the latter part of the twelfth century first composer of polyphonic music…
Instrumental a musical composition without lyrics Vocal a musical part written specifically to be performed via singing (both words and notes) Sacred music written to be sung/performed at church Secular music written to be enjoyed outside of church for pleasure Genre categories suggesting the overall characteristics of a work Medium performing forces employed in a…
Periods in the development of Western Music Medieval (Middle ages) (450-1450) Renaissance (1450-1600) Baroque (1600-1750) Classic (1750-1820) Romantic (1820-1900) Modern (1900 to present) Gregorian chant Gregorian chants, sung in Latin, are used in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. They date from the end of the sixth century c.e., when Pope Gregory I is…
Vikings Nomadic peoples that lived in northern Europe. Known most for their disruptive nature of pillaging villages and stealing wealth. SIG – Spread all across Europe by sea routes both pillaging and trading with others. Their influence is still felt as their leaders became the of many countries as they settled down and ended their…
The Mass ____ was liturgical music in which the text changed depending on the calendar or occasion. Proper Martin Luther was responsible for the increase in use and popularity of the chorale The societal system of the Medieval era was based on land ownership and the feudal system. True What one word best encompasses Medieval…
What are the dates of Middle Ages? up to 1450 Who was Hildegard of Bingen? Religious woman, composed sacred music, brought mood to religious music. Who was the most important patron of music during the Middle Ages? Churches What are the characteristics of Gregorian Chants. Monophonic in texture, free verse in rhythm, meditative and spiritual,…
Gothic Architecture in Medieval France As with most modernization, new concepts are often refined versions of previous techniques. Although structural design during the Middle Ages was already advancing at a large scale, distortions of the classical style were not too apparent until the Gothic era occurred. Taking place during a time of turmoil with the…
Holy Roman Empire 2nd century C.E. – unified Mediterranean basin w/ common language, culture, road network, economy, aqueducts Causes of decline: barbarism (invasion), expansionism, Christianity (new religion) – “weakened the spirit” of the Roman Empire 476 C.E.: last Western emperor deposed (classic date of collapse of Roman empire) St. Benedict Born into wealth, became spiritual…
Surgery- Middle ages. Similar to operations by Greek & Romans. Superficial procedures; small tumors, cuts, broken bones set etc. No effective anesthetics, only opium, mandrake. Didn’t put to sleep- only made drowsy. Seen as a profession, learnt through practice as apprentices. Gain license from passing tests. Anatomy- Middle ages Church (RELIGION) refused to allow new…
